{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:20:18Z","timestamp":1765545618508},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,20]],"date-time":"2010-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transforming growth factors\u2010\u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b21), \u20102, and \u20103 form a small group of related proteins involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and survival of various cell types. Recently, TGF\u2010\u03b2s were also demonstrated to be neuroprotective. In the present study, we investigated their distribution in the rat brain as well as their expression following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Probes were produced for all types of TGF\u2010\u03b2s, and in situ hybridization was performed. We demonstrated high TGF\u2010\u03b21 expression in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, central amygdaloid nucleus, medial preoptic area, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, substantia nigra, brainstem reticular formation and motoneurons, and area postrema. In contrast, TGF\u2010\u03b22 was abundantly expressed in deep cortical layers, dentate gyrus, midline thalamic nuclei, posterior hypothalamic area and mamillary body, superior olive, areas of monoaminergic neurons, spinal trigeminal nucleus, dorsal vagal complex, cerebellum, and choroid plexus, and a high level of TGF\u2010\u03b23 mRNA was found in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal amygdaloid nuclei, lateral septal nucleus, several thalamic nuclei, arcuate and supramamillary nuclei, superior colliculus, superior olive, brainstem reticular formation and motoneurons, area postrema, and inferior olive. Focal brain ischemia induced TGF\u2010\u03b2s with markedly different expression patterns. TGF\u2010\u03b21 was induced in the penumbral region of cortex and striatum, whereas TGF\u2010\u03b22 and \u2010\u03b23 were induced in different layers of the ipsilateral cortex. The expression of the subtypes of TGF\u2010\u03b2s in different brain regions suggests that they are involved in the regulation of different neurons and bind to different latent TGF\u2010\u03b2 binding proteins. Furthermore, they might have subtype\u2010specific functions following ischemic attack. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3752\u20133770, 2010. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,23]],"date-time":"2010-05-23T15:05:07Z","timestamp":1274627107000},"page":"3752-3770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Distribution of mRNAs encoding transforming growth factors\u2010\u03b21, \u20102, and \u20103 in the intact rat brain and after experimentally induced focal ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"518","author":[{"given":"Csilla","family":"Vincze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"P\u00e1l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edina A.","family":"Wappler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9va 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