{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:34:36Z","timestamp":1791088476699,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,28]],"date-time":"2011-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Striatal spine loss is a key pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Knowing that striatal glutamatergic afferents target dendritic spines, these data appear difficult to reconcile with evidence for an increased expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGluT1) in the striatum of PD patients and 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)\u2010treated monkeys, as well as in some electrophysiological studies showing overactivity of the corticostriatal glutamatergic system in models of parkinsonism. To address the possibility that structural changes in glutamatergic afferents may underlie these discrepancies, we undertook an ultrastructural analysis of vGluT1\u2010positive (i.e., corticostriatal) and vGluT2\u2010positive (i.e., mostly thalamostriatal) axo\u2010spinous glutamatergic synapses using a 3D electron microscopic approach in normal and MPTP\u2010treated monkeys. Three main conclusions can be drawn: 1) spines contacted by vGluT1\u2010containing terminals have larger volume and harbor significantly larger postsynaptic densities (PSDs) than those contacted by vGluT2\u2010immunoreactive boutons; 2) a subset of vGluT2\u2010, but not vGluT1\u2010immunoreactive, terminals display a pattern of multisynaptic connectivity in normal and MPTP\u2010treated monkeys; and 3) VGluT1\u2010 and vGluT2\u2010positive axo\u2010spinous synapses undergo ultrastructural changes (larger spine volume, larger PSDs, increased PSD perforations, larger presynaptic terminal) indicative of increased synaptic activity in parkinsonian animals. Furthermore, spines contacted by cortical terminals display an increased volume of their spine apparatus in MPTP\u2010treated monkeys, suggesting an increased protein synthesis at corticostriatal synapses. These findings demonstrate that corticostriatal and thalamostriatal glutamatergic axo\u2010spinous synapses display significantly different ultrastructural features, and that both systems undergo complex morphological changes that could underlie the pathophysiology of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal systems in PD. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:989\u20131005, 2011. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T02:17:25Z","timestamp":1291169845000},"page":"989-1005","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Differential structural plasticity of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal axo\u2010spinous synapses in MPTP\u2010treated parkinsonian monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"519","author":[{"given":"Rosa M.","family":"Villalba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoland","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/neur.1996.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2007.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2891-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Compensatory enlargement of synaptic size in aging and senile dementia","volume":"69","author":"Bertoni\u2010Freddari C","year":"1993","journal-title":"Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"BogenpohlJ PareJP SmithY.2007.Subcellular localization of adenosine A2A receptors in the striatum and globus pallidus of monkey and rat. 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