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The lateral olivocochlear neurons express not only acetylcholine but a variety of co\u2010transmitters including urocortin, which is known to regulate homeostatic responses related to stress; it may also be related to the ontogeny of hearing as well as the generation of hearing disorders. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of urocortin\u2010expressing lateral olivocochlear neurons and their connectivity and distribution of synaptic terminals in the cochlea of juvenile and adult gerbils. In contrast to most other rodents, the gerbil's audiogram covers low frequencies similar to humans, although their communication calls are exclusively in the high\u2010frequency domain. We confirm that in the auditory brainstem urocortin is expressed exclusively in neurons within the lateral superior olive and their synaptic terminals in the cochlea. Moreover, we show that in adult gerbils urocortin expression is restricted to the medial, high\u2010frequency processing, limb of the lateral superior olive and to the mid and basal parts of the cochlea. The same pattern is present in juvenile gerbils shortly before hearing onset (P 9) but transiently disappears after hearing onset, when urocortin is also expressed in low\u2010frequency processing regions. These results suggest a possible role of urocortin in late cochlear development and in the processing of social calls in adult animals. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2758\u20132778, 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,13]],"date-time":"2011-04-13T23:52:11Z","timestamp":1302738731000},"page":"2758-2778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Urocortin\u2010expressing olivocochlear neurons exhibit tonotopic and developmental changes in the auditory brainstem and in the innervation of the 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