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By reducing hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and organic hydroperoxides, peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) represent a major potential protective barrier against nitro\u2010oxidative insults in the brain. While recent works have investigated the putative role of Prdxs in neurodegenerative disorders, less is known about their expression in the healthy brain. Here we used immunohistochemistry to map basal expression of Prdxs throughout C57BL\/6 mouse brain. We first confirmed the neuronal localization of Prdx2\u20135 and the glial expression of Prdx1, Prdx4, and Prdx6. Then we performed an in\u2010depth analysis of neuronal Prdx distribution in the brain. Our results show that Prdx2\u20135 are widely detected in the different neuronal populations, and especially well expressed in the olfactory bulb, in the cerebral cortex, in pons nuclei, in the red nucleus, in all cranial nerve nuclei, in the cerebellum, and in motor neurons of the spinal cord. In contrast, Prdx expression is very low in the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta and in the CA1\/2 pyramidal cells of hippocampus. This low basal expression may contribute to the vulnerability of these neurons to nitro\u2010oxidative attacks occurring in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we found that Prdx expression levels are unevenly distributed among neurons of a determined region and that distinct regional patterns of expression are observed between isoforms, reinforcing the hypothesis of the nonredundant function of Prdxs. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:258\u2013280, 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,14]],"date-time":"2011-06-14T15:47:33Z","timestamp":1308066453000},"page":"258-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Peroxiredoxin distribution in the mouse brain with emphasis on neuronal populations affected in neurodegenerative 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