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Neurotrophins are important for survival and preservation of neurons in the adult brain, including serotonergic neurons. In this study, we examined the effects of MDMA on the expression of brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin\u20103 (NT\u20103) and their respective high\u2010affinity receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase (trk)B and trkC, in multiple regions of the rat brain. A serotonergic\u2010depleting dose of MDMA (10 mg\/kg \u00d7 4 at 2\u2010hour intervals on a single day) was administered to adult Sprague\u2010Dawley rats, and brains were examined 1, 7, or 24 hours after the last dose. Messenger RNA levels of BDNF, NT\u20103, trkB, and trkC were analyzed by using in situ hybridization with cRNA probes. The prefrontal cortex was particularly vulnerable to MDMA\u2010induced alterations in that BDNF, NT\u20103, trkB, and trkC mRNAs were all upregulated at multiple time points. MDMA\u2010treated animals had increased BDNF expression in the frontal, parietal, piriform, and entorhinal cortices, increased NT\u20103 expression in the anterior cingulate cortex, and elevated trkC in the entorhinal cortex. In the nigrostriatal system, BDNF expression was upregulated in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and trkB was elevated in the striatum in MDMA\u2010treated animals. Both neurotrophins and trkB were differentially regulated in several regions of the hippocampal formation. These findings suggest a possible role for neurotrophin signaling in the learning and memory deficits seen following MDMA treatment. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2459\u20132474, 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T12:55:34Z","timestamp":1326286534000},"page":"2459-2474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["(\u00b1)3,4\u2010methylenedioxymethamphetamine (\u201cecstasy\u201d) treatment modulates expression of neurotrophins and their receptors in multiple regions of adult rat brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"520","author":[{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Hemmerle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Dickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Herring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tori 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