{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T15:23:09Z","timestamp":1789917789673,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]],"date-time":"2013-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by Lewy bodies and neurites composed mainly of the presynaptic protein \u03b1\u2010synuclein. Frequently, Lewy bodies and neurites are identified in the gut of Parkinson's disease patients and may underlie associated gastrointestinal dysfunctions. We recently reported selective expression of \u03b1\u2010synuclein in the axons of cholinergic neurons in the guinea pig and human distal gut; however, it is not clear whether \u03b1\u2010synuclein expression varies along the gut, nor how closely expression is associated with other synaptic proteins. We used multiple\u2010labeling immunohistochemistry to quantify which neurons in the guinea pig ileum expressed \u03b1\u2010synuclein, cysteine string protein\u2010\u03b1 (CSP\u03b1), synaptophysin, synaptotagmin\u20101, or synaptobrevin\u20102 in their axons. Among the 10 neurochemically defined axonal populations, a significantly greater proportion of vesicular acetylcholine transporter\u2010immunoreactive (VAChT\u2010IR) varicosities (80% \u00b1 1.7%, n = 4,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001) contained \u03b1\u2010synuclein immunoreactivity, and a significantly greater proportion of \u03b1\u2010synuclein\u2010IR axons also contained VAChT immunoreactivity (78% \u00b1 1.3%, n = 4) compared with any of the other nine populations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). Among synaptophysin\u2010, synaptotagmin\u20101\u2010, synaptobrevin\u20102\u2010, and CSP\u03b1\u2010IR varicosities, 98% \u00b1 0.7%, 96% \u00b1 0.7%, 88% \u00b1 1.6%, and 85% \u00b1 2.9% (n = 4) contained \u03b1\u2010synuclein immunoreactivity, respectively. Among \u03b1\u2010synuclein\u2010IR varicosities, 96% \u00b1 0.9%, 99% \u00b1 0.6%, 83% \u00b1 1.9%, and 87% \u00b1 2.3% (n = 4) contained synaptophysin\u2010, synaptotagmin\u20101\u2010, synaptobrevin\u20102\u2010, and CSP\u03b1 immunoreactivity, respectively. We report a close association between the expression of \u03b1\u2010synuclein and the expression of other synaptic proteins in cholinergic axons in the guinea pig ileum. Selective expression of \u03b1\u2010synuclein may relate to the neurotransmitter system utilized and predispose cholinergic enteric neurons to degeneration in Parkinson's disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:2523\u20132537, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T22:59:58Z","timestamp":1357685998000},"page":"2523-2537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Selective coexpression of synaptic proteins, \u03b1\u2010synuclein, cysteine string protein\u2010\u03b1, synaptophysin, synaptotagmin\u20101, and synaptobrevin\u20102 in vesicular acetylcholine transporter\u2010immunoreactive axons in the guinea pig ileum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"521","author":[{"given":"Dale F.","family":"Sharrad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Ping","family":"Gai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.H.","family":"Brookes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00563-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0538-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(00)00101-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01268.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/377062a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00495150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1195227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490330102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(96)00275-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.7.3532"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.11.6120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Cholinergic, nitrergic and peptidergic (substance P\u2010 and CGRP\u2010utilizing) innervation of the horse intestine. 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