{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:47:19Z","timestamp":1787161639119,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is involved in many basic survival behaviors that affect respiration. We hypothesized that the PAG promotes these behaviors by changing the firing of preinspiratory (pre\u2010I) neurons in the pre\u2010B\u00f6tzinger complex, a cell group thought to be important in generating respiratory rhythm. We tested this hypothesis by recording single unit activity of pre\u2010B\u00f6tzinger pre\u2010I neurons during stimulation in different parts of the PAG. Stimulation in the dorsal PAG increased the firing of pre\u2010I neurons, resulting in tachypnea. Stimulation in the medial part of the lateral PAG converted the pre\u2010I neurons into inspiratory phase\u2010spanning cells, resulting in inspiratory apneusis. Stimulation in the lateral part of the lateral PAG generated an early onset of the pre\u2010I neuronal discharge, which continued throughout the inspiratory phase, while at the same time attenuating diaphragm contraction. Stimulation in the ventral part of the lateral PAG induced tachypnea but inhibited pre\u2010I cell firing, whereas stimulation in the ventrolateral PAG inhibited not only pre\u2010I cells but also the diaphragm, leading to apnea. These findings show that PAG stimulation changes the activity of the pre\u2010B\u00f6tzinger pre\u2010I neurons. These changes are in line with the different behaviors generated by the PAG, such as the dorsal PAG generating avoidance behavior, the lateral PAG generating fight and flight, and the ventrolateral PAG generating freezing and immobility. J. Comp. Neurol. 521: 3083\u20133098, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,29]],"date-time":"2013-04-29T09:21:22Z","timestamp":1367227282000},"page":"3083-3098","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Stimulation of the midbrain periaqueductal gray modulates preinspiratory neurons in the ventrolateral medulla in the rat in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"521","author":[{"given":"Hari H.","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Herston Queensland 4029 Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Biomedical Science The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Holstege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Uroneurology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen 9713 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