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However, migration of bone marrow\u2010derived cells (BMDC) into the CNS is a marginal event under normal, healthy conditions. A busulfan\u2010based chemotherapy regimen was used for bone marrow transplantation in wild\u2010type mice before subjecting them to a hypoxic\u2013ischemic brain injury or in APP\/PS1 mice prior to the formation of amyloid plaques. The cells were tracked and analyzed throughout the development of the pathology. The efficacy of a preventive macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (M\u2010CSF) treatment was also studied to highlight the effects of circulating monocytes in hypoxic\u2013ischemic brain injury. Such an injury induces a strong migration of BMDC into the CNS, without the need for irradiation. These migrating cells do not replace the entire microglial pool but rather are confined to the sites of injury for several weeks, suggesting that they could perform specific functions. M\u2010CSF showed neuroprotective effects as a preventive treatment. In APP\/PS1 mice, the formation of amyloid plaques was sufficient to induce the entry of cells into the parenchyma, though in low numbers. This study confirms that BMDC infiltrate the CNS in animal models for stroke and Alzheimer's disease and that peripheral cells can be targeted to treat affected regions of the CNS. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3863\u20133876, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]],"date-time":"2013-05-16T08:33:01Z","timestamp":1368693181000},"page":"3863-3876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Migration of Bone Marrow\u2010Derived Cells Into the Central Nervous System in Models of Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"521","author":[{"given":"Antoine","family":"Lampron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec Research Center (CHUL), and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Laval University Qu\u00e9bec Canada G1W 4G8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Pimentel\u2010Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec Research Center (CHUL), and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of 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