{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T03:20:00Z","timestamp":1769743200901,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,19]],"date-time":"2014-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuronal dendrites are structurally and functionally dynamic in response to changes in afferent activity. The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an mRNA binding protein that regulates activity\u2010dependent protein synthesis and morphological dynamics of dendrites. Loss and abnormal expression of FMRP occur in fragile X syndrome (FXS) and some forms of autism spectrum disorders. To provide further understanding of how FMRP signaling regulates dendritic dynamics, we examined dendritic expression and localization of FMRP in the reptilian and avian nucleus laminaris (NL) and its mammalian analogue, the medial superior olive (MSO), in rodents and humans. NL\/MSO neurons are specialized for temporal processing of low\u2010frequency sounds for binaural hearing, which is impaired in FXS. Protein BLAST analyses first demonstrate that the FMRP amino acid sequences in the alligator and chicken are highly similar to human FMRP with identical mRNA\u2010binding and phosphorylation sites, suggesting that FMRP functions similarly across vertebrates. Immunocytochemistry further reveals that NL\/MSO neurons have very high levels of dendritic FMRP in low\u2010frequency hearing vertebrates including alligator, chicken, gerbil, and human. Remarkably, dendritic FMRP in NL\/MSO neurons often accumulates at branch points and enlarged distal tips, loci known to be critical for branch\u2010specific dendritic arbor dynamics. These observations support an important role for FMRP in regulating dendritic properties of binaural neurons that are essential for low\u2010frequency sound localization and auditory scene segregation, and support the relevance of studying this regulation in nonhuman vertebrates that use low frequencies in order to further understand human auditory processing disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2107\u20132128, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,9]],"date-time":"2013-12-09T09:44:07Z","timestamp":1386582247000},"page":"2107-2128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Intense and specialized dendritic localization of the fragile X mental retardation protein in binaural brainstem neurons: A comparative study in the alligator, chicken, gerbil, and human"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"522","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195\u20107923"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Sakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195\u20107923"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karisa","family":"Beebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Erie PA 16509"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maile R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT 06520\u20138066"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rian","family":"de Laat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Washington Seattle WA 98109"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Bothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Washington Seattle WA 98109"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Randy J.","family":"Kulesza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Erie PA 16509"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin W","family":"Rubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195\u20107923"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00303.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0099-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2006.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Auditory brain\u2010stem responses in the fragile X syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Arinami T","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90513.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.10.1045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012370880-9.00046-3","volume-title":"The senses: a comprehensive reference","author":"Burger RM","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1809"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000063565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6154-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007117211490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508995102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3937-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ComeryTA HarrisJB WillemsPJ OostraBA IrwinSA WeilerIJ GreenoughWT.1997.Abnormal dendritic spines in fragile X knockout mice: maturation and pruning deficits.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A94:5401\u20135404.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.10.5401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.23.8332-8341.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902290106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90112-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-05-01539.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2006.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"977","article-title":"Brain\u2010stem auditory evoked potentials in the fragile X syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Ferri","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.851bp.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02363-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devbrainres.2005.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.01.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-009-9007-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5229-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-002-0296-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320410306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(85)90045-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010115)98:2<161::AID-AJMG1025>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10500"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21649-7_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M700166-MCP200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(82)90045-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.10.981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.06.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000142987.44035.3B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4428-04.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2006.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2011.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710000520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.11037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.7.637"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19970418)74:2<167::AID-AJMG10>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20001115)51:4<403::AID-JEMT8>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6155com"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.8.080706.092249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410395322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.05.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504984102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/034)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025920"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901640403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00468.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.228734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011811-132457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2274-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5514-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01143.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902030302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901860207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902200207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3807-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-1-415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1125-10.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2004.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2009.00079.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1737-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780195389883.003.0022","volume-title":"Handbook of brain microcircuits","author":"Wang Y","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410180607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.01.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2005.00136.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.23520","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.23520","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T02:37:38Z","timestamp":1696646258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.23520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,19]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.23520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.23520","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,19]]}}}