{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:52:03Z","timestamp":1788191523903,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,19]],"date-time":"2014-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disability following spinal cord injury is due to failure of axon regeneration, which has been ascribed to environmental factors in the central nervous system and a developmental loss of intrinsic growth capacity in neurons. Recently, the receptor\u2010like protein tyrosine phosphatases, protein tyrosine phosphatase \u03c3 (PTP\u03c3) and leukocyte common antigen\u2010related phosphatase (LAR), have been identified as specific receptors for the regeneration\u2010inhibiting matrix molecules chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). After spinal cord transection in lampreys, axons of the large, identified reticulospinal neurons have heterogeneous regenerative abilities. The bad\u2010regenerating neurons also undergo a delayed form of axotomy\u2010induced apoptosis. In the present study, a lamprey genomic database was used to identify homologs of CSPGs, clone PTP\u03c3 and LAR, and examine their mRNA expression. CSPG immunoreactivity was increased significantly near the lesion at 2 weeks post transection, and decreased thereafter. Both receptors were expressed selectively in the bad\u2010regenerating neurons and had overlapping cellular distributions. PTP\u03c3 was upregulated with age (LAR was not evaluated). By 2 weeks post transection, neurons expressing PTP\u03c3 also showed caspase activation, suggesting apoptosis. The probability of axon regeneration for individual identified neurons was negatively correlated with the expression level of PTP\u03c3 in both control and spinal cord\u2013transected lampreys. In an animal 7 weeks post transection, regenerated axons were labeled retrogradely from beyond the transection. PTP\u03c3 expression and caspase labeling was seen only in neurons whose axon had not regenerated. These results are consistent with a possible role for PTP\u03c3 (and LAR) in both retrograde neuronal death and the poor intrinsic regenerative ability of bad\u2010regenerating neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2209\u20132229, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,20]],"date-time":"2013-12-20T05:54:52Z","timestamp":1387518892000},"page":"2209-2229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Selective expression of CSPG receptors PTP\u03c3 and LAR in poorly regenerating reticulospinal neurons of lamprey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"522","author":[{"given":"Guixin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19140"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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