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Evidence suggests that levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are reduced during the course of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> multiplication and transformation within the snail. This investigation used immunohistochemical methods to localize tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate\u2010limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, in the nervous system of <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>. The two species examined, <jats:italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Biomphalaria alexandrina<\/jats:italic>, are the major intermediate hosts for <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> in sub\u2010Saharan Africa, where more than 90% of global cases of human intestinal schistosomiasis occur. TH\u2010like immunoreactive (THli) neurons were distributed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and labeled fibers were present in all commissures, connectives, and nerves. Some asymmetries were observed, including a large distinctive neuron (LPeD1) in the pedal ganglion described previously in several pulmonates. The majority of TH\u2010like immunoreactive neurons were detected in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), especially in lip and foot regions of the anterior integument. Independent observations supporting the dopaminergic phenotype of THli neurons included 1) block of LPeD1 synaptic signaling by the D2\/3 antagonist sulpiride, and 2) the similar localization of aqueous aldehyde (FaGlu)\u2010induced fluorescence. The distribution of THli neurons indicates that, as in other gastropods, dopamine functions as a sensory neurotransmitter and in the regulation of feeding and reproductive behaviors in <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>. It is hypothesized that infection could stimulate transmitter release from dopaminergic sensory neurons and that dopaminergic signaling could contribute to modifications of both host and parasite behavior. J. 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