{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:32:05Z","timestamp":1790400725916,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]],"date-time":"2014-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our objective was to measure how the misrouting of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) fibers affects the organization of the optic chiasm and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) in human albinism. We compared the chiasmal structures and the LGN in both pigmented controls and patients with albinism by using high\u2010resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We studied 12 patients with oculocutaneous albinism and 12 age\u2010matched pigmented controls. Using a 3T MRI scanner, we acquired a T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted three\u2010dimensional magnetization\u2010prepared rapid gradient\u2010echo (MPRAGE) image of the whole brain, oriented so that the optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts were in the same plane. We acquired multiple proton density\u2010weighted images centered on the thalamus and midbrain, and averaged them to increase the signal, enabling precise manual tracing of the anatomical boundaries of the LGN. Albinism patients exhibited significantly smaller diameters of the optic nerves, chiasm and tracts, and optic chiasm and LGN volume compared with controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for all). The reductions in chiasmal diameters in the albinism compared with the control group can be attributed to the abnormal crossing of optic fibers and the reduction of RGCs in the central retina. The volume of the LGN devoted to the center of the visual field may be reduced in albinism due to fewer RGCs representing the area where the fovea would normally lie. Our data may be clinically useful in addressing how genetic deficits compromise proper structural and functional development in the brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2680\u20132687, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T17:55:45Z","timestamp":1393264545000},"page":"2680-2687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Abnormal lateral geniculate nucleus and optic chiasm in human albinism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"522","author":[{"given":"Larissa","family":"Mcketton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Vision Research York University Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista R.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vision Research York University Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology York University Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Vision Research York University Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-08-02859.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19931101-09","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the visual pathways in human albinos","volume":"30","author":"Brodsky MC","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900770310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/286604a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Explaining psychological statistics","author":"Cohen B.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/231465a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"430","article-title":"Asymmetric visually evoked potentials in human albinos: evidence for visual system anomalies","volume":"13","author":"Creel D","year":"1974","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.684419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02080368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Educational and vocational placement, and low\u2010vision corrections in albinism. 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