{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:55:36Z","timestamp":1780084536795,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]],"date-time":"2014-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Bergen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The complexity of the nonvisual photoreception systems in teleosts has just started to be appreciated, with colocalization of multiple photoreceptor types with unresolved functions. Here we describe an intricate expression pattern of melanopsins in early life stages of the marine flat fish Atlantic halibut (<jats:italic>Hippoglossus hippoglossus<\/jats:italic>), a period when the unpigmented brain is directly exposed to environmental photons. We show a refined and extensive expression of melanopsins in the halibut brain already at the time of hatching, long before the eyes are functional. We detect melanopsin in the habenula, suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsal thalamus, and lateral tubular nucleus of first feeding larvae, suggesting conserved functions of the melanopsins in marine teleosts. The complex expression of melanopsins already at larval stages indicates the importance of nonvisual photoreception early in development. Most strikingly, we detect expression of both exorhodopsin and melanopsin in the pineal complex of halibut larvae. Double\u2010fluorescence labeling showed that two clusters of melanopsin\u2010positive cells are located lateral to the central rosette of exorhodopsin\u2010positive cells. The localization of different photopigments in the pineal complex suggests that two parallel photoreceptor systems may be active. Furthermore, the dispersed melanopsin\u2010positive cells in the spinal cord of halibut larvae at the time of hatching may be primary sensory cells or interneurons representing the first example of dispersed high\u2010order photoreceptor cells. The appearance of nonvisual opsins early in the development of halibut provides an alternative model for studying the evolution and functional significance of nonvisual opsins. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:4003\u20134022, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T08:14:58Z","timestamp":1405671298000},"page":"4003-4022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Exorhodopsin and melanopsin systems in the pineal complex and brain at early developmental stages of Atlantic halibut (<i>Hippoglossus hippoglossus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"522","author":[{"given":"Mariann","family":"Eilertsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Bergen N\u20105020 Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Drivenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology University of Bergen N\u20105020 Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf B.","family":"Edvardsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research N\u20105817 Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarrisa A.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol BS1 3NY United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars O.E.","family":"Ebbesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Bergen N\u20105020 Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Uni Research AS N\u20105006 Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon Vidar","family":"Helvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Bergen N\u20105020 Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099955"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1874","article-title":"Evolution of melanopsin photoreceptors: Discovery and characterization of a new melanopsin in nonmammalian vertebrates (vol 4, pg 1334, 2006)","volume":"4","author":"Bellingham J","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLOS Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.18","article-title":"Structure and evolution of the teleost extraretinal rod\u2010like opsin (errlo) and ocular rod opsin (rho) genes: is teleost rho a retrogene?","volume":"297","author":"Bellingham J","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.7.1723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1997.0951"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"U99","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08175","article-title":"Intrinsic light response of retinal horizontal cells of teleosts","volume":"460","author":"Cheng N","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-06-01892.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msh114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0pp00203h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0785-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2011.0864"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(88)90754-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018483627058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.08.016"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001585","article-title":"Co\u2010expression of VAL\u2010 and TMT\u2010opsins uncovers ancient photosensory interneurons and motorneurons in the vertebrate brain","volume":"11","author":"Fischer RM","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Role of the pineal organ in the photoregulated hatching of the Atlantic halibut","volume":"41","author":"Forsell J","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.14.2517","article-title":"Expression of pineal ultraviolet\u2010 and green\u2010like opsins in the pineal organ and retina of teleosts","volume":"204","author":"Forsell J","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn768"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.06.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01761"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2881(08)60198-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402630210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095252380118510X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(03)00509-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)38195-X","article-title":"Assembly of functional rhodopsin requires a disulfide bond between cysteine residue\u2010110 and residue\u2010187","volume":"265","author":"Karnik SS","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3689-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","unstructured":"KorfHW.1994. The pineal organ as a component of the biological clock\u2014phylogenetic and ontogenic considerations. In: Pierpaoli W Regelson W Fabris N editors. Aging clock: the pineal gland and other pacemakers in the progression of aging and carcinogenesis\u2014Third Stromboli Conference on Aging and Cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci719:13\u201342."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.04.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f96-205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(91)96025-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2006.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1982.10420534"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(99)00242-9"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025111","article-title":"Unexpected diversity and photoperiod dependence of the zebrafish melanopsin system","volume":"6","author":"Matos\u2010Cruz V","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","article-title":"Melanopsin bistability: A fly's eye technology in the human retina","volume":"4","author":"Mure LS","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.2004004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076848"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01482-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00600.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523811000150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00616751"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0665-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-3-213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.260349597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00605532"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22509"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711397105"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.23652","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.23652","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T15:37:35Z","timestamp":1696606655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.23652"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.23652"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.23652","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]}}}