{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T06:05:18Z","timestamp":1792821918012,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HL095491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HL095491"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In patients with obstructive sleep apnea, airway obstruction during sleep produces hypercapnia, which in turn activates respiratory muscles that pump air into the lungs (e.g., the diaphragm) and that dilate and stabilize the upper airway (e.g., the genioglossus). We hypothesized that these responses are facilitated by glutamatergic neurons in the parabrachial complex (PB) that respond to hypercapnia and project to premotor and motor neurons that innervate the diaphragm and genioglossus muscles. To test this hypothesis, we combined c\u2010Fos immunohistochemistry with in situ hybridization for vGluT2 or GAD67 or with retrograde tracing from the ventrolateral medullary region that contains phrenic premotor neurons, the phrenic motor nucleus in the C3\u2013C5 spinal ventral horn, or the hypoglossal motor nucleus. We found that hypercapnia (10% CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    for 2 hours) activated c\u2010Fos expression in neurons in the external lateral, lateral crescent (PBcr), and K\u00f6lliker\u2010Fuse (KF) PB subnuclei and that most of these neurons were glutamatergic and virtually none \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acidergic. Numerous CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010responsive neurons in the KF and PBcr were labeled after retrograde tracer injection into the ventrolateral medulla or hypoglossal motor nuclei, and in the KF after injections into the spinal cord, making them candidates for mediating respiratory\u2010facilitatory and upper\u2010airway\u2010stabilizing effects of hypercapnia. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:907\u2013920, 2015. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]],"date-time":"2014-11-26T02:43:07Z","timestamp":1416969787000},"page":"907-920","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Respiratory\u2010related outputs of glutamatergic, hypercapnia\u2010responsive parabrachial neurons in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"523","author":[{"given":"Shigefumi","family":"Yokota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02215"},{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02215"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Morphological Neuroscience Shimane University School of Medicine  Izumo 693\u20108501 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