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In particular, cognitive impairments and hippocampal damage have been reported in ALS patients. We investigated spatial navigation learning and hippocampal interneurons in a mutant SOD1(G93A) mouse (mSOD1) model of ALS. Behavioral tests were performed by using presymptomatic mSOD1 mice. General motor activity was comparable to that of wild\u2010type mice in the open\u2010field test, in which, however mSOD1 exhibited increased anxiety\u2010like behavior. In the Barnes maze test, mSOD1 mice displayed a delay in learning, outperformed wild\u2010type mice during the first probe trial, and exhibited impaired long\u2010term memory. Stereological counts of parvalbumin\u2010positive interneurons, which are crucial for hippocampal physiology and known to be altered in other central nervous system regions of mSOD1 mice, were also performed. At postnatal day (P) 56, the population of parvalbumin\u2010positive interneurons in mSOD1 mice was already reduced in CA1 and in CA3, and at P90 the reduction extended to the dentate gyrus. Loss of parvalbumin\u2010positive hippocampal interneurons occurred mostly during the presymptomatic stage. Western blot analysis showed that hippocampal parvalbumin expression levels were already reduced in mSOD1 mice at P56. The hippocampal alterations in mSOD1 mice could at least partly account for the increased anxiety\u2010like behavior and deficits in spatial navigation learning. Our study provides evidence for cognitive alterations and damage to the \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in the hippocampus of murine ALS, thereby revealing selective deficits antecedent to the onset of motor symptoms. J. Comp. 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