{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:28:39Z","timestamp":1792171719493,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]],"date-time":"2015-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"US Public Health Service (USPHS)","award":["NS072337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS072337"]}]},{"name":"US Public Health Service (USPHS)","award":["AG09975 (to C.B.S.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG09975 (to C.B.S.)"]}]},{"name":"US Public Health Service (USPHS)","award":["F31 NS071890-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31 NS071890-03"]}]},{"name":"US Public Health Service (USPHS)","award":["NSFGRFP fellowships (to N.V.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFGRFP fellowships (to N.V.)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The subparaventricular zone of the hypothalamus (SPZ) is the main efferent target of neural projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and an important relay for the circadian timing system. Although the SPZ is fairly homogeneous cytoarchitecturally and neurochemically, it has been divided into distinct functional and connectional subdivisions. The dorsal subdivision of the SPZ (dSPZ) plays an important role in relaying signals from the SCN controlling body temperature rhythms, while the ventral subdivision (vSPZ) is critical for rhythms of sleep and locomotor activity (Lu et al. [<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#cne23812-bib-0040\"\/>] J Neurosci 21:4864\u20134874). On the other hand, the medial part of the SPZ receives input mainly from the dorsomedial SCN, whereas the lateral SPZ receives input from the ventrolateral SCN and the retinohypothalamic tract (Leak and Moore [<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#cne23812-bib-0033\"\/>] J Comp Neurol 433:312\u2013334). We therefore investigated whether there are corresponding differences in efferent outputs from these four quadrants of the SPZ (dorsolateral, ventrolateral, dorsomedial, and ventromedial) by a combination of anterograde and retrograde tracing. We found that, while all four subdivisions of the SPZ share a similar backbone of major projection pathways to the septal region, thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem, each segment of the SPZ has a specific set of targets where its projections dominate. Furthermore, we observed intra\u2010SPZ projections of varying densities between the four subdivisions. Taken together, this pattern of organization suggests that the circadian timing system may have several parallel neural outflow pathways that provide a road map for understanding how they subserve different functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2714\u20132737, 2015. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,23]],"date-time":"2015-05-23T11:48:58Z","timestamp":1432381738000},"page":"2714-2737","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Projections from the subparaventricular zone define four channels of output from the circadian timing system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"523","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Vujovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts 02215"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Gooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts 02215"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Jhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts 02215"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford B.","family":"Saper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts 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