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GnIH orthologs with a C\u2010terminal LPXRFamide (LPXRFa) motif have been identified in teleost fish. Although recent work also suggests its role in fish reproduction, studies are scarce and controversial, and have mainly focused on cyprinids. In this work we cloned a full\u2010length cDNA encoding an LPXRFa precursor in the European sea bass, <jats:italic>Dicentrarchus labrax<\/jats:italic>. In contrast to other teleosts, the sea bass LPXRFa precursor contains only two putative RFamide peptides, termed sbLPXRFa1 and sbLPXRFa2. <jats:italic>sblpxrfa<\/jats:italic> transcripts were expressed predominantly in the olfactory bulbs\/telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain tegmentum, retina, and gonads. We also developed a specific antiserum against sbLPXRFa2, which revealed sbLPXRFa\u2010immunoreactive (ir) perikarya in the olfactory bulbs\u2010terminal nerve, ventral telencephalon, caudal preoptic area, dorsal mesencephalic tegmentum, and rostral rhombencephalon. These sbLPXRFa\u2010ir cells profusely innervated the preoptic area, hypothalamus, optic tectum, semicircular torus, and caudal midbrain tegmentum, but conspicuous projections also reached the olfactory bulbs, ventral\/dorsal telencephalon, habenula, ventral thalamus, pretectum, rostral midbrain tegmentum, posterior tuberculum, reticular formation, and viscerosensory lobe. The retina, pineal, vascular sac, and pituitary were also targets of sbLPXRFa\u2010ir cells. In the pituitary, this innervation was observed close to follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) cells. Tract\u2010tracing retrograde labeling suggests that telencephalic and preoptic sbLPXRFa cells might represent the source of pituitary innervation. The immunohistochemical distribution of sbLPXRFa cells and fibers suggest that LPXRFa peptides might be involved in some functions as well as reproduction, such as feeding, growth, and behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:176\u2013198, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]],"date-time":"2015-06-23T23:35:00Z","timestamp":1435102500000},"page":"176-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["LPXRFa peptide system in the European sea bass: A molecular and immunohistochemical approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"524","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Paullada\u2010Salmer\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of C\u00e1diz, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR) and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3) E\u201011510 Puerto Real Spain"},{"name":"INMAR\u2010CACYTMAR Research Institutes, Puerto Real University Campus E\u201011510 Puerto Real 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