{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:20:51Z","timestamp":1790216451907,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EY002686 (to J.H.K.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY002686 (to J.H.K.)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NS055843 (to I.S.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS055843 (to I.S.)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is an extensive region of the human brain that develops relatively late and is proportionally large compared with that of monkeys and prosimian primates. Our ongoing comparative studies have led to several conclusions about the evolution of this posterior parietal region. In early placental mammals, PPC likely was a small multisensory region much like PPC of extant rodents and tree shrews. In early primates, PPC likely resembled that of prosimian galagos, in which caudal PPC (PPCc) is visual and rostral PPC (PPCr) has eight or more multisensory domains where electrical stimulation evokes different complex motor behaviors, including reaching, hand\u2010to\u2010mouth, looking, protecting the face or body, and grasping. These evoked behaviors depend on connections with functionally matched domains in premotor cortex (PMC) and motor cortex (M1). Domains in each region compete with each other, and a serial arrangement of domains allows different factors to influence motor outcomes successively. Similar arrangements of domains have been retained in New and Old World monkeys, and humans appear to have at least some of these domains. The great expansion and prolonged development of PPC in humans suggest the addition of functionally distinct territories. We propose that, across primates, PMC and M1 domains are second and third levels in a number of parallel, interacting networks for mediating and selecting one type of action over others. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:595\u2013608, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]],"date-time":"2015-06-23T08:09:22Z","timestamp":1435046962000},"page":"595-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Evolution of posterior parietal cortex and parietal\u2010frontal networks for specific actions in primates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"524","author":[{"given":"Jon H.","family":"Kaas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37240"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Stepniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37240"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321612111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902320403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.5.1253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3454-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.114.2.376","article-title":"Inhibitory control in mind and brain: an interactive race model of countermanding saccades","volume":"114","author":"Boucher L","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200302000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0817"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2500-14.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-5817-9_3","volume-title":"Cortical sensory organization. Vol 3, multiple auditory areas","author":"Brugge JF","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0602-862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.3.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2023-10.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"The antecedents of man","author":"Clark WE","year":"1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00166.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902690307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00513.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1031751100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","article-title":"Reversible deactivation of motor cortex reveals functional connectivity with posterior parietal cortex in the prosomian galago (Otolemur garnetti)","author":"Cooke DF","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.10.004","article-title":"Sensory\u2010motor and cognitive functions of the human posterior parietal cortex involved in manual actions","volume":"91","author":"Creem\u2010Regerh SH","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321909111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.69.3.902","article-title":"Ventral intraparietal area of the macaque: anatomic location and visual response properties","volume":"69","author":"Duhamel JR","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.1.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"673","volume-title":"The rat nervous system","author":"Ebner FF","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5332-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e31803bb59a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90386-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3211-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Motor primitives in vertebrates and invertebrates","volume":"15","author":"Flash T","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70462-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","article-title":"Intracortical microstimulation reveals movement specific domains in awake squirrel monkeys","author":"Friedman RM","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199407000-00029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1777-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902470303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195326703.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"Mapping behavioral repertoire onto the cortex","volume":"56","author":"Graziano MSA","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00698-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01303.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00426.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","volume-title":"Phylogenetic systematics","author":"Henning W","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1001229107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90785.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207946109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902530402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902650304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Evolution of the large, complex sensorimotor systems of anthropoid primates","volume":"17","author":"Kaas JH","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Comp Psych"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.05981.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201892109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.22.11793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","first-page":"901","volume-title":"Fundamental neuroscience","author":"Kaas JH","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2011.00034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002825107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(87)90050-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1930-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00657.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00047-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","first-page":"1243","article-title":"Eye movements elicited by electrical stimulation of area PG in the monkey","volume":"65","author":"Kurylo DD","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Physiol Soci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.91.3.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2631"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/12.12.1280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","volume-title":"Primate origins and evolution","author":"Martin RD","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","first-page":"2563","article-title":"The connections of the middle temporal visual area (MT) and their relationship to a cortical hierarchy in the macaque monkey","volume":"3","author":"Maunsell JHR","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90531.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.5.2580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0733"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2869-07.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2040-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00077-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960805)371:4<649::AID-CNE12>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.4.2133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","first-page":"656","article-title":"Primate brain evolution","volume":"63","author":"Radinsky L","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601065103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00423-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00842.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/5.5.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0733"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R9\u2013R11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.12.009","article-title":"Decision making","volume":"15","author":"Schall JD","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20459"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msg172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr257","article-title":"Topographic maps within Brodmann's area 5 of macaque monkeys","volume":"22","author":"Seelke AMH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.08.014","article-title":"Multisensory maps in parietal cortex","volume":"24","author":"Sereno MI","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000123774"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00240493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(00)00052-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","first-page":"6004","article-title":"Evidence for a convergent slow\u2010down in primate molecular rates and its implications for the timing of early primate evolution","volume":"104","author":"Steiper ME","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501048102","article-title":"Microstimulation reveals specialized subregions for different complex movements in posterior parietal cortex of prosimian galagos","volume":"13","author":"Stepniewska I","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22181"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E725\u2013E732","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1109925108","article-title":"Optical imaging in galagos reveals parietal\u2010frontal circuits underlying motor behavior","volume":"108","author":"Stepniewska I","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","article-title":"Functional maps of the motor thalamus in prosimian primates based on electrical stimulation","volume":"7","author":"Stepniewska I","year":"2012","journal-title":"FENS Abstr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00491.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","article-title":"Connections of the caudal portion of posterior parietal cortex in prosimian galagos","author":"Stepniewska I","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0802-714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00232190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.4.1713"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Frontal eye field, where art thou? Anatomy, function, and non\u2010invasive manipulation of frontal regions involved in eye movements and associated cognitive operations","volume":"8","author":"Vernet M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1644-10.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.11.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305697101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000116582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","volume-title":"Phylogenetics: the theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics","author":"Wiley EO","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20000717)423:1<140::AID-CNE12>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-369497-3.10019-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.23838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.23838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T13:49:47Z","timestamp":1694612987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.23838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.23838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.23838","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]}}}