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Abnormal intracellular aggregation of \u03b1\u2010synuclein is observed as LBs and Lewy neurites in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies. Accumulated evidence suggests that abundant intracellular expression of \u03b1\u2010synuclein is one of the risk factors for pathological aggregation. Recently, we reported differential expression patterns of \u03b1\u2010synuclein between excitatory and inhibitory hippocampal neurons. Here we further investigated the precise expression profile in the adult mouse brain with special reference to vulnerable regions along the progression of idiopathic PD. The results show that \u03b1\u2010synuclein was highly expressed in the neuronal cell bodies of some early PD\u2010affected brain regions, such as the olfactory bulb, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and substantia nigra pars compacta. Synaptic expression of \u03b1\u2010synuclein was mostly accompanied by expression of vesicular glutamate transporter\u20101, an excitatory presynaptic marker. In contrast, expression of \u03b1\u2010synuclein in the GABAergic inhibitory synapses was different among brain regions. \u03b1\u2010Synuclein was clearly expressed in inhibitory synapses in the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra pars reticulata, but not in the cerebral cortex, subthalamic nucleus, or thalamus. These results suggest that some neurons in early PD\u2010affected human brain regions express high levels of perikaryal \u03b1\u2010synuclein, as happens in the mouse brain. Additionally, synaptic profiles expressing \u03b1\u2010synuclein are different in various brain regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1236\u20131258, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T09:25:04Z","timestamp":1441963504000},"page":"1236-1258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Brain region\u2010dependent differential expression of alpha\u2010synuclein"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"524","author":[{"given":"Katsutoshi","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Geriatrics Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kawaramachi\u2010Hirokoji, Kamikyo\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Geriatrics Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kawaramachi\u2010Hirokoji, Kamikyo\u2010ku Kyoto 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