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Kim Lemmens, Jessie Van Houcke and Inge Van Hove are fellows of the Flemish Institute for the promotion of scientific research (IWT), Belgium. Ilse Bollaerts is a fellow of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Belgium"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["equipment grants AKUL\/09\/038, AKUL\/13\/09. Kim Lemmens, Jessie Van Houcke and Inge Van Hove are fellows of the Flemish Institute for the promotion of scientific research (IWT), Belgium. Ilse Bollaerts is a fellow of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Belgium"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overcoming the failure of axon regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) after injury remains a major challenge, which makes the search for proregenerative molecules essential. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in axonal outgrowth during CNS development and show increased expression levels during vertebrate CNS repair. In mammals, MMPs are believed to alter the suppressive extracellular matrix to become more permissive for axon regrowth. We investigated the role of MMPs in axonal regeneration following optic nerve crush (ONC) in adult zebrafish, which fully recover from such injuries due to a high intrinsic axon growth capacity and a less inhibitory environment. Lowering general retinal MMP activity through intravitreal injections of GM6001 after ONC strongly reduced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal regrowth, without influencing RGC survival. Based on a recently performed transcriptome profiling study, the expression pattern of four MMPs after ONC was determined via combined use of western blotting and immunostainings. Mmp\u20102 and \u201013a were increasingly present in RGC somata during axonal regrowth. Moreover, Mmp\u20102 and \u20109 became upregulated in regrowing RGC axons and inner plexiform layer (IPL) synapses, respectively. In contrast, after an initial rise in IPL neurites and RGC axons during the injury response, Mmp\u201014 expression decreased during regeneration. Altogether, a phase\u2010dependent expression pattern for each specific MMP was observed, implicating them in axonal regrowth and inner retina remodeling after injury. In conclusion, these data suggest a novel, neuron\u2010intrinsic function for multiple MMPs in axon regrowth that is distinct from breaking down environmental barriers. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1472\u20131493, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]],"date-time":"2015-10-28T11:38:59Z","timestamp":1446032339000},"page":"1472-1493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Matrix metalloproteinases as promising regulators of axonal regrowth in the injured adult zebrafish retinotectal system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"524","author":[{"given":"Kim","family":"Lemmens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Biology Department KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Bollaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Biology Department KU Leuven Leuven 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