{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T20:54:36Z","timestamp":1785531276553,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,24]],"date-time":"2016-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DK027627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK027627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A full description of the terminal architecture of sympathetic axons innervating the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has not been available. To label sympathetic fibers projecting to the gut muscle wall, dextran biotin was injected into the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia (CSMG) of rats. Nine days postinjection, animals were euthanized and stomachs and small intestines were processed as whole mounts (submucosa and mucosa removed) to examine CSMG efferent terminals. Myenteric neurons were counterstained with Cuprolinic Blue; catecholaminergic axons were stained immunohistochemically for tyrosine hydroxylase. Essentially all dextran\u2010labeled axons (135 of 136 sampled) were tyrosine hydroxylase\u2010positive. Complete postganglionic arbors (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 154) in the muscle wall were digitized and analyzed morphometrically. Individual sympathetic axons formed complex arbors of varicose neurites within myenteric ganglia\/primary plexus and, concomitantly, long rectilinear arrays of neurites within circular muscle\/secondary plexus or longitudinal muscle\/tertiary plexus. Very few CSMG neurons projected\n                    <jats:italic>exclusively<\/jats:italic>\n                    (i.e., \u223c100% of an arbor's varicose branches) to myenteric plexus (\u223c2%) or smooth muscle (\u223c14%). With less stringent inclusion criteria (i.e., \u226585% of an axon's varicose branches), larger minorities of neurons projected\n                    <jats:italic>predominantly<\/jats:italic>\n                    to either myenteric plexus (\u223c13%) or smooth muscle (\u223c27%). The majority (i.e., \u223c60%) of all individual CSMG postganglionics formed mixed, heterotypic arbors that coinnervated\n                    <jats:italic>extensively<\/jats:italic>\n                    (&gt;15% of their varicose branches per target) both myenteric ganglia and smooth muscle. The fact that \u223c87% of all sympathetics projected either\n                    <jats:italic>extensively<\/jats:italic>\n                    or even\n                    <jats:italic>predominantly<\/jats:italic>\n                    to smooth muscle, while simultaneously contacting myenteric plexus, is consistent with the view that these neurons control GI muscle directly, if not exclusively. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2577\u20132603, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,6]],"date-time":"2016-02-06T05:33:57Z","timestamp":1454736837000},"page":"2577-2603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Individual sympathetic postganglionic neurons coinnervate myenteric ganglia and smooth muscle layers in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"524","author":[{"given":"Gary C.","family":"Walter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"McAdams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry L.","family":"Powley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(89)90108-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218946"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Autonomic neuromuscular transmission","author":"Bennett MR","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(93)90046-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19960901)35:1<80::AID-JEMT7>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290050037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2007.00976.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"The autonomic nervous system and its effectors","author":"Brading A","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/326605a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Autonomic neuroeffector mechanisms","author":"Brock JA","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(76)90054-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(73)80109-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Histologie du Syst\u00e8me Nerveux de l'Homme et des Vert\u00e9br\u00e9s","author":"Cajal SRY","year":"1911"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.9.6.678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090280203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90105-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Mechanisms of release of biogenic amines; 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