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We measured vestibular sensory evoked potentials (VsEPs) in \u03b19 knockout (KO) mice, \u03b110 KO mice, \u03b17 KO mice, \u03b19\/10 and \u03b17\/9 double KO mice, and wild\u2010type (WT) controls. We also studied the morphology and ultrastructure of efferent terminals on vestibular hair cells in \u03b19, \u03b110, and \u03b19\/10 KOs. Both type I and type ll vestibular hair cells express the \u03b19 and \u03b110 subunits. The efferent boutons on vestibular cells in \u03b19, \u03b110, and \u03b19\/10 KOs appeared normal, but a quantitative analysis was not performed. Mean VsEP thresholds were significantly elevated in \u03b19 and \u03b19\/10 KO animals. Some \u03b19 and \u03b19\/10 KO animals, however, had normal or near\u2010normal thresholds, whereas others were greatly affected. Despite individual variability in threshold responses, latencies were consistently shortened. The double \u03b17\/9 KO resulted in decreased variance by normalizing waveforms and latencies. The phenotypes of the \u03b17 and \u03b110 single KOs were identical. Both \u03b17 and \u03b110 KO mice evidenced normal thresholds, decreased activation latencies, and larger amplitudes compared with WT mice. The data suggest a complex interaction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in regulating vestibular afferent gain and activation timing. Although the \u03b19\/10 heteromeric nAChR is an important component of vestibular efferent activity, other peripheral or central nAChRs involving the \u03b17 subunit or \u03b110 subunit and \u03b19 homomeric receptors are also important. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1216\u20131233, 2017. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T05:57:57Z","timestamp":1476338277000},"page":"1216-1233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors regulate vestibular afferent gain and activation timing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"525","author":[{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Morley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital Omaha Nebraska 68131"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lysakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois 60612"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarath","family":"Vijayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska 68583"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deanna","family":"Menapace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital Omaha Nebraska 68131"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska 68583"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(03)00192-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"419","volume-title":"Development of auditory and vestibular systems 2","author":"Dechesne C","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00746.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.05.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2009.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90555-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051622798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01206675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.60.1.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.63.4.767"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2006.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"HanGC LaskerDM VetterDE MinorLB.2007.Extracellular recordings from semicircular canal afferents in mice that lack the alpha 9 acetylcholine receptor subunit [abstract]. 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