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Most of these deficits have been demonstrated functionally. Furthermore, the majority of previous studies on deafness have involved the primary auditory cortex; knowledge of higher\u2010order areas is limited to effects of cross\u2010modal reorganization. In this study, we compared the cortical cytoarchitecture of four cortical areas in adult hearing and congenitally deaf cats (CDCs): the primary auditory field A1, two secondary auditory fields, namely the dorsal zone and second auditory field (A2); and a reference visual association field (area 7) in the same section stained either using Nissl or SMI\u201032 antibodies. The general cytoarchitectonic pattern and the area\u2010specific characteristics in the auditory cortex remained unchanged in animals with congenital deafness. Whereas area 7 did not differ between the groups investigated, all auditory fields were slightly thinner in CDCs, this being caused by reduced thickness of layers IV\u2013VI. The study documents that, while the cytoarchitectonic patterns are in general independent of sensory experience, reduced layer thickness is observed in both primary and higher\u2010order auditory fields in layer IV and infragranular layers. The study demonstrates differences in effects of congenital deafness between supragranular and other cortical layers, but similar dystrophic effects in all investigated auditory fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T04:37:23Z","timestamp":1498192643000},"page":"3110-3125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Congenital deafness affects deep layers in primary and secondary auditory cortex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"525","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology &amp; Department of Experimental Otology ENT Clinics, School of Medicine, Hannover Medical University Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"K\u00fchne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology &amp; Department of Experimental Otology ENT Clinics, School of Medicine, Hannover Medical University Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Scheper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology &amp; Department of Experimental Otology ENT Clinics, School of Medicine, Hannover Medical University Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7762-4642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrej","family":"Kral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology &amp; Department of Experimental Otology ENT Clinics, School of Medicine, Hannover Medical University Hannover Germany"},{"name":"School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences The University of Texas Dallas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0525-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00731.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-05-01916.1993","article-title":"Development of local circuits in human visual cortex","volume":"13","author":"Burkhalter A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-04-01134.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902820204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2013.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1236425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(75)90118-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901600202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1730169100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2007.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21886"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2014.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200308060-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn763"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199806220-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(98)00209-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(97)00114-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"Heid S.(1998). 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