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In typical development (TD), the amygdala continues to increase volumetrically throughout childhood and into adulthood, while other brain structures are stable or decreasing in volume. In autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the amygdala undergoes rapid early growth, making it volumetrically larger in children with ASD compared to TD children. Here we explore: (a) if dendritic arborization in the amygdala follows the pattern of protracted growth in TD and early overgrowth in ASD and (b), if spine density in the amygdala in ASD cases differs from TD from youth to adulthood. The amygdala from 32 postmortem human brains (7\u201346 years of age) were stained using a Golgi\u2010Kopsch impregnation. Ten principal neurons per case were selected in the lateral nucleus and traced using Neurolucida software in their entirety. We found that both ASD and TD individuals show a similar pattern of increasing dendritic length with age well into adulthood. However, spine density is (a) greater in young ASD cases compared to age\u2010matched TD controls (&lt;18 years old) and (b) decreases in the amygdala as people with ASD age into adulthood, a phenomenon not found in TD. Therefore, by adulthood, there is no observable difference in spine density in the amygdala between ASD and TD age\u2010matched adults (\u226518 years old). Our findings highlight the unique growth trajectory of the amygdala and suggest that spine density may contribute to aberrant development and function of the amygdala in children with ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T08:42:36Z","timestamp":1505896956000},"page":"262-274","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Protracted dendritic growth in the typically developing human amygdala and increased spine density in young ASD brains"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"526","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7268-7038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.K.","family":"Weir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California at Davis MIND Institute Sacramento 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