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P2X3 immunoreactivity was observed in ramified endings distributed in the whole length of the trachea. The myelinated parent axons of P2X3\u2010immunoreactive nerve endings ramified into several branches that extended two\u2010dimensionally in every direction at the interface between the epithelial layer and lamina propria. The axonal branches of P2X3\u2010immunoreactive endings branched off many twigs located just beneath the epithelium, and continued to intraepithelial axon terminals. The axon terminals of P2X3\u2010immunoreactive endings were beaded, rounded, or club\u2010like in shape and terminated between tracheal epithelial cells. Flat axon terminals sometimes partly ensheathed neuroendocrine cells with immunoreactivity for SNAP25 or CGRP. Some axons and axon terminals with P2X3 immunoreactivity were immunoreactive for P2X2, while some terminals were immunoreactive for vGLUT2. Furthermore, a retrograde tracing method using fast blue (FB) revealed that 88.4% of FB\u2010labeled cells with P2X3 immunoreactivity originated from the nodose ganglion. In conclusion, P2X3\u2010immunoreactive nerve endings in the rat tracheal mucosa have unique morphological characteristics, and these endings may be rapidly adapting receptors and\/or irritant receptors that are activated by mucosal irritant stimuli.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]],"date-time":"2017-11-27T04:42:42Z","timestamp":1511757762000},"page":"550-566","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Morphology of P2X3\u2010immunoreactive nerve endings in the rat tracheal mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"526","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6352-6013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshio","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University Morioka Iwate Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Nakamuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University Morioka Iwate Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00185838"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903190408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.243659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019657"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.074799","article-title":"Autogenic modulation of mechanoreceptor excitability by glutamate release from synaptic\u2010like vesicles: Evidence from the rat muscle spindle primary sensory ending","volume":"5622","author":"Bewick G. 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