{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:39:13Z","timestamp":1777005553772,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]],"date-time":"2017-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG\u2010OL 134\/10\u20102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG\u2010OL 134\/10\u20102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic> is one of the most widely used model organism in neurobiology. It is therefore surprising, that no detailed and complete description of the cranial nerves exists for this species. Using classical histological sectioning in combination with fluorescent whole mount antibody staining and micro\u2010computed tomography we prepared a detailed innervation map and a freely\u2010rotatable three\u2010dimensional (3D) model of the cranial nerves and anterior\u2010most spinal nerves of early <jats:italic>X. laevis<\/jats:italic> tadpoles. Our results confirm earlier descriptions of the pre\u2010otic cranial nerves and present the first detailed description of the post\u2010otic cranial nerves. Tracing the innervation, we found two previously undescribed head muscles (the processo\u2010articularis and diaphragmatico\u2010branchialis muscles) in <jats:italic>X. laevis<\/jats:italic>. Data on the cranial nerve morphology of tadpoles are scarce, and only one other species (<jats:italic>Discoglossus pictus<\/jats:italic>) has been described in great detail. A comparison of <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Discoglossus<\/jats:italic> reveals a relatively conserved pattern of the post\u2010otic and a more variable morphology of the pre\u2010otic cranial nerves. Furthermore, the innervation map and the 3D models presented here can serve as an easily accessible basis to identify alterations of the innervation produced by experimental studies such as genetic gain\u2010 and loss of function experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T08:38:45Z","timestamp":1512722325000},"page":"836-857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional reconstruction of the cranial and anterior spinal nerves in early tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis<\/i> (Pipidae, Anura)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"526","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0970-2431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Naumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050120302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902130307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Il cervello ei nervi cranici del Proteus anguineus Laur","author":"Benedetti E.","year":"1933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Romeis mikroskopische Technik","author":"B\u00f6ck P.","year":"1989"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/42.4.476","article-title":"Xenopus laevis as a model organism","volume":"42","author":"Cannatella D. 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