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This study examined the distribution of \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid\u2010like immunoreactivity (GABAli) in the nervous system of the panpulmonates <jats:italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Biomphalaria alexandrina<\/jats:italic>, major intermediate hosts for intestinal schistosomiasis. GABAli neurons were localized in the cerebral, pedal, and buccal ganglia of each species. With the exception of a projection to the base of the tentacle, GABAli fibers were confined to the CNS. As GABAli was previously reported to be colocalized with markers for dopamine (DA) in five neurons in the feeding network of the euopisthobranch gastropod <jats:italic>Aplysia californica<\/jats:italic> (D\u00edaz\u2010R\u00edos, Oyola, &amp; Miller, 2002), double\u2010labeling protocols were used to compare the distribution of GABAli with tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (THli). As in <jats:italic>Aplysia<\/jats:italic>, GABAli\u2010THli colocalization was limited to five neurons, all of which were located in the buccal ganglion. Five GABAli\u2010THli cells were also observed in the buccal ganglia of two other intensively studied panpulmonate species, <jats:italic>Lymnaea stagnalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Helisoma trivolvis<\/jats:italic>. These findings indicate that colocalization of the classical neurotransmitters GABA and DA in feeding central pattern generator (CPG) interneurons preceded the divergence of euopisthobranch and panpulmonate taxa. These observations also support the hypothesis that heterogastropod feeding CPG networks exhibit a common universal design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T04:34:44Z","timestamp":1523334884000},"page":"1790-1805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["GABA\u2010like immunoreactivity in <i>Biomphalaria<\/i>: Colocalization with tyrosine hydroxylase\u2010like immunoreactivity in the feeding motor systems of panpulmonate snails"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"526","author":[{"given":"Lee O.","family":"Vaasjo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology and Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurobiology University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra 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