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Although TRH is abundantly expressed in teleost brain and believed to mediate neuronal communication, empirical evidence is lacking. We analyzed pro\u2010TRH\u2010mRNA expression, mapped TRH\u2010immunoreactive elements in the brain and pituitary, and explored its role in regulation of hypophysiotropic dopamine (DA) neurons in the catfish, <jats:italic>Clarias batrachus<\/jats:italic>. Partial pro\u2010TRH transcript from <jats:italic>C. batrachus<\/jats:italic> transcriptome showed six TRH progenitors repeats. Quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR) identified pro\u2010TRH transcript in a number of different brain regions and immunofluorescence showed TRH\u2010immunoreactive cells\/fibers in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, preoptic area (POA), hypothalamus, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord. In the pituitary, TRH\u2010immunoreactive fibers were seen in the neurohypophysis, proximal pars distalis, and pars intermedia but not rostral pars distalis. In POA, distinct TRH\u2010immunoreactive cells\/fibers were seen in nucleus preopticus periventricularis anterior (NPPa) that demonstrated a significant increase in TRH\u2010immunoreactivity when collected during preparatory and prespawning phases, reaching a peak in the spawning phase. Although tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)\u2010immunoreactive neurons in NPPa are hypophysiotropic, none of the TRH\u2010immunoreactive neurons in NPPa accumulated neuronal tracer DiI following implants into the pituitary. However, 87\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6% NPPa TH\u2010immunoreactive neurons were surrounded by TRH\u2010immunoreactive axons that were seen in close proximity to the somata. Superfused POA slices treated with TRH (0.5\u20132\u2009\u03bcM) significantly reduced TH concentration in tissue homogenates and the percent TH\u2010immunoreactive area in the NPPa. We suggest that TRH in the brain of <jats:italic>C. batrachus<\/jats:italic> regulates a range of physiological functions but in particular, serves as a potential regulator of hypophysiotropic DA neurons and reproduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T08:28:49Z","timestamp":1540801729000},"page":"1070-1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Thyrotropin\u2010releasing hormone (TRH) in the brain and pituitary of the teleost, <i>Clarias batrachus<\/i> and its role in regulation of hypophysiotropic dopamine neurons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"527","author":[{"given":"Omprakash","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)\u2010Bhubaneswar  Jatni India"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex  Anushakti Nagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipti R.","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)\u2010Bhubaneswar  Jatni India"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex  Anushakti Nagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Nagalakashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Savitribai Phule Pune University  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)\u2010Bhubaneswar  Jatni India"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex  Anushakti Nagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saptarsi","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)\u2010Bhubaneswar  Jatni India"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex  Anushakti Nagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneha","family":"Sagarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Savitribai Phule Pune University  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amul J.","family":"Sakharkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Savitribai Phule Pune University  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald M.","family":"Lechan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Tufts University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3958-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praful S.","family":"Singru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)\u2010Bhubaneswar  Jatni India"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex  Anushakti Nagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.15.945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2006.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2004.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(86)90121-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000121631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903020416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(90)90068-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(69)90868-7"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"1870","article-title":"Molecular structure of the hypothalamic hypophysiotropic TRF factor of ovine origin: Mass spectrometry demonstration of the PCA\u2010His\u2010Pro\u2010NH2 sequence. 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