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In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the distribution of tau undergoes a remarkable alteration, leading to the formation of tau inclusions in the somatodendritic compartment. While the abnormal aggregated tau has been extensively studied in human patient tissues and animal models of AD, how normal tau localizes to the axon, which would be the foundation to understand how the mis\u2010localization occurs, has not been well studied due to the poor detectability of normal unaggregated tau in vivo. Therefore, we developed immunohistochemical techniques that can detect normal mouse and human tau in brain tissues with high sensitivity. Using these techniques, we demonstrate the global distribution of tau in the mouse brain and confirmed that normal tau is exclusively localized to the axonal compartment in vivo. Interestingly, tau antibodies strongly labeled nonmyelinated axons such as hippocampal mossy fibers, while white matters generally exhibited low levels of immunoreactivity. Furthermore, mouse tau is highly expressed not only in neurons but also in oligodendrocytes. With super resolution imaging using the stimulated\u2010depletion microscopy, axonal tau appeared punctate rather than fibrous, indicating that tau decorates microtubules sparsely. Co\u2010labeling with presynaptic and postsynaptic markers revealed that normal tau is not localized to synapses but sparsely distributes in the axon. Taken together, this study reports novel antibodies to investigate the localization and mis\u2010localization of tau in vivo and novel findings of normal tau localization in the mouse brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T18:34:11Z","timestamp":1541702051000},"page":"985-998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Distribution of endogenous normal tau in the mouse brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"527","author":[{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Kubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences Doshisha University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Misonou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Ion Channel Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Brain Science Doshisha 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