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Using a validated CRFR1\u2010green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mouse, our laboratory recently discovered a nucleus of CRFR1 expressing cells that is prominent in the female rostral anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV\/PeN), but largely absent in males. This sex difference is present in the early postnatal period and remains dimorphic into adulthood. The present investigation sought to characterize the chemical composition and gonadal hormone regulation of these sexually dimorphic CRFR1 cells using immunohistochemical procedures. We report that CRFR1\u2010GFP\u2010ir cells within the female AVPV\/PeN are largely distinct from other dimorphic cell populations (kisspeptin, tyrosine hydroxylase). However, CRFR1\u2010GFP\u2010ir cells within the AVPV\/PeN highly co\u2010express estrogen receptor alpha as well as glucocorticoid receptor. A single injection of testosterone propionate or estradiol benzoate on the day of birth completely eliminates the AVPV\/PeN sex difference, whereas adult gonadectomy has no effect on CRFR1\u2010GFP cell number. These results indicate that the AVPV\/PeN CRFR1 is regulated by perinatal but not adult gonadal hormones. Finally, female AVPV\/PeN CRFR1\u2010GFP\u2010ir cells are activated following an acute 30\u2010min restraint stress, as assessed by co\u2010localization of CRFR1\u2010GFP cells with phosphorylated (p) CREB. CRFR1\u2010GFP\/pCREB cells were largely absent in the male AVPV\/PeN. Together, these data indicate a stress and gonadal hormone responsive nucleus that is unique to females and may contribute to sex\u2010specific stress responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T09:00:58Z","timestamp":1543568458000},"page":"1056-1069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Characterization and gonadal hormone regulation of a sexually dimorphic corticotropin\u2010releasing factor receptor 1 cell group"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"527","author":[{"given":"Zachary J.","family":"Rosinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University at Albany  Albany New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason S.","family":"Jacobskind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University at Albany  Albany New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Bulanchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University at Albany  Albany New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University at Albany  Albany New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Fico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University at Albany  Albany New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Justice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2429-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian G.","family":"Zuloaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University at Albany  Albany New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-0091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-01-00193.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05295.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1749"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2016.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1120"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.131.3.1324155","article-title":"Chronic estrogen\u2010induced alterations in adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone secretion, and glucocorticoid receptor\u2010mediated functions in female rats","volume":"131","author":"Burgess L. 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