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Previous work in teleost fishes has focused on hypothalamic <jats:italic>tac3<\/jats:italic> expression for its role in reproduction, but detailed studies on extra\u2010hypothalamic <jats:italic>tac3<\/jats:italic> expression are limited. Here, we identified two <jats:italic>tac3<\/jats:italic> genes in the social African cichlid fish <jats:italic>Astatotilapia burtoni<\/jats:italic>, only one of which produces a functional protein containing the signature tachykinin motif. In situ hybridization for <jats:italic>tac3a<\/jats:italic> mRNA identified cell populations throughout the brain. Numerous <jats:italic>tac3a<\/jats:italic> cells lie in several thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, including periventricular nucleus of posterior tuberculum, lateral tuberal nucleus (NLT), and nucleus of the lateral recess (NRL). Scattered <jats:italic>tac3<\/jats:italic>\u2010expressing cells are also present in telencephalic parts, such as ventral (Vv) and supracomissural (Vs) part of ventral telencephalon. In contrast to other teleosts, <jats:italic>tac3<\/jats:italic> expression was absent from the pituitary. Using double\u2010fluorescent staining, we localized <jats:italic>tac3a<\/jats:italic>\u2010expressing cells in relation to GnRH and kisspeptin cells. Although no GnRH\u2010<jats:italic>tac3a<\/jats:italic> colabeled cells were observed, dense GnRH fibers surround and potentially synapse with <jats:italic>tac3a<\/jats:italic> cells in the preoptic area. Only minimal (&lt;5%) colabeling of <jats:italic>tac3a<\/jats:italic> was observed in <jats:italic>kiss2<\/jats:italic> cells. Despite <jats:italic>tac3a<\/jats:italic> expression in many nodes of the mesolimbic reward system, it was absent from tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)\u2010expressing cells, but <jats:italic>tac3a<\/jats:italic> cells were located in areas with dense TH fibers. The presence of <jats:italic>tac3a<\/jats:italic>\u2010expressing cells throughout the brain, including in socially relevant brain regions, suggest more diverse functions beyond regulation of reproductive physiology that may be conserved across vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T13:24:21Z","timestamp":1547558661000},"page":"1210-1227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Expression of <i>tachykinin3<\/i> and related reproductive markers in the brain of the African cichlid fish <i>Astatotilapia burtoni<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"527","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7400-8780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie M.","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University  Baton Rouge 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