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The LPMCv CSP originated from the postarcuate sulcus region, was bilateral, sparse, and primarily targeted the dorsolateral and ventromedial sectors of contralateral lamina VII. The convexity\/lateral part of LPMCv did not project below C2. Thus, very little LPMCv corticospinal output reaches the cervical enlargement. In contrast, the LPMCd CSP was 5\u00d7 more prominent in terminal density. Bilateral terminal labeling occurred in the medial sectors of lamina VII and adjacent lamina VIII, where propriospinal neurons with long\u2010range bilateral axon projections reside. Notably, lamina VIII also harbors axial motoneurons. Contralateral labeling occurred in the lateral sectors of lamina VII and the dorsomedial quadrant of lamina IX, noted for harboring proximal upper limb flexor motoneurons. Segmentally, the CSP to contralateral laminae VII and IX preferentially innervated C5\u2013C7, which supplies shoulder, elbow, and wrist musculature. In contrast, terminations in axial\u2010related lamina VIII were distributed bilaterally throughout all cervical enlargement levels, including C8 and T1. These findings demonstrate the LPMCd CSP is structured to influence axial and proximal upper limb movements, supporting Kuypers conceptual view of the LPMCd CSP being a major component of the medial motor control system. Thus, distal upper extremity control influenced by LPMC, including grasping and manipulation, must occur through indirect neural network connections such as corticocortical, subcortical, or intrinsic spinal circuits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T19:17:38Z","timestamp":1556651858000},"page":"2761-2789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Terminal organization of the corticospinal projection from the lateral premotor cortex to the cervical enlargement (C5\u2013T1) in rhesus monkey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"527","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Morecraft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine  Vermillion South Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jizhi","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine  Vermillion South Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim S.","family":"Stilwell\u2010Morecraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine  Vermillion South Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane L.","family":"Rotella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Physiology, Motor Control Laboratories The University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Pizzimenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Physiology, Motor Control Laboratories The University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine The University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren G.","family":"Darling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Physiology, Motor Control Laboratories The University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00089.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(78)90240-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(76)90050-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01026.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0403-18.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-013-3533-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219635211002737"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-03-00667.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/58.2.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"Physiology of the nervous system","author":"Fulton J. 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