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ENS cells originate from vagal and sacral neural crest cells that are initially located at the border of the neural tube. In birds, sacral neural crest cells (sNCCs) first give rise to an extramural ganglionated structure (the so\u2010called Nerve of Remak [NoR]) and to the pelvic plexus. Later, sNCCs enter the colon mesenchyme to colonize and contribute to the intrinsic innervation of the caudal part of the gut. However, no specific sNCC marker has been described. Here, we report the expression pattern of prospero\u2010related homeobox 1 (PROX1) in the developing chick colon. PROX1 is a homeobox domain transcription factor that plays a role in cell type specification in various tissues. Using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence techniques, we showed that PROX1 is expressed in sNCCs localized in the NoR and in the pelvic plexus. Then, using real\u2010time quantitative PCR we found that PROX1 displays a strong and highly dynamic expression pattern during NoR development. Moreover, we demonstrated using in vivo cell tracing, that sNCCs are the source of the PROX1\u2010positive cells within the NoR. Our results indicate that PROX1 is the first marker that specifically identifies sNCCs. This might help to better identify the role of the different neural crest cell populations in distal gut innervation, and consequently to improve the diagnosis of diseases linked to incomplete ENS formation, such as Hirschsprung's disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T12:43:57Z","timestamp":1572266637000},"page":"879-889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["PROX1 is a specific and dynamic marker of sacral neural crest cells in the chicken intestine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"528","author":[{"given":"Andreia S.","family":"Margarido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PHYMEDEXP Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovic","family":"Le Guen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PHYMEDEXP Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Falco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PHYMEDEXP Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8902-8274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrine","family":"Faure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PHYMEDEXP Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4388-6422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Chauvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PHYMEDEXP Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9040-2481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"de Santa Barbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PHYMEDEXP Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.3.1024","article-title":"A differentiation antigen of human NK and K cells identified by a monoclonal antibody (HNK\u20101)","volume":"127","author":"Abo T.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2007.053959"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-017-2577-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(86)90226-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(02)00240-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.12.2785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.21.4335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0185(20010101)262:1<16::AID-AR1007>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4773(95)00350-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710308114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.169821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"The enteric nervous system","author":"Furness J. 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