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In particular, the specific effect of electrical stimulation via a cochlear implant (CI) on inner hair cell (IHC) synapses remains unclear. Importantly, CI candidacy has recently expanded to include patients with partial hearing loss. Unfortunately, some CI recipients experience progressive hearing loss after activation of electrical stimulation. The mechanism(s) accounting for loss of residual hearing following electrical stimulation is unknown. Here normal\u2010hearing guinea pigs were implanted with customized CIs. Intracochlear electrical stimulation with an intensity equal to or above electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) threshold decreased the excitability of auditory nerve. Furthermore, the number of synapses between IHCs and the afferent spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) also decreased after electrical stimulation with higher intensities. However, no significant change was observed in the packing density and perikaryal area of SGNs as well as the quantity of hair cells. These results carry important implications for use of CIs in patients with residual hearing and for an increasing number of patients treated with other neurostimulation devices. Notably, the results were based on acute electrical stimulation. Considering the complex interaction between CIs and targeted tissues, it is urgent to conduct further research to clarify whether the similar changes could be induced by chronic electrical stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T16:43:32Z","timestamp":1572281012000},"page":"893-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Electrical stimulation induces synaptic changes in the peripheral auditory system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"528","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0738-8648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology &amp; Head\u2010Neck Surgery Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianhao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology &amp; Head\u2010Neck Surgery Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology &amp; Head\u2010Neck Surgery Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlan R.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5403-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shufeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology &amp; Head\u2010Neck Surgery Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/6\/065007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.35.11.722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2009.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/4\/046017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00584507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.21.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2006.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960101)364:1<6::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.55.091902.105251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03005368209081454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(03)00098-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000206493"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001728","article-title":"Prevalence of potential hybrid and conventional Cochlear implant candidates based on audiometric profile","volume":"39","author":"Goman A. 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