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No clinical or animal studies have evaluated mild carotid occlusion, and few examined unilateral occlusion. Here, Westar rats underwent bilateral or unilateral carotid occlusion of 28\u201345%. Long\u2010term effects were evaluated 9\u201311\u2009months later. We conducted cognitive evaluation using spatial learning in a water maze and exploration behavior in an open field. Morphology of the brain was examined by MRI using diffusion\u2010tensor imaging (DTI) and immunohistochemistry staining of the brain and eyes. Cognitive deficit was found in spatial memory and exploration behavior in both occluded groups. Brain and eyes histology presented severe damage in the bilateral group, compared to the unilateral one. DTI revealed an increase in mean diffusivity (MD) in the ventral thalamus and a decrease in fractional anisotropy in optic nerve and optic tract in bilateral rats, while unilateral rats showed only an increase in MD in the ventral pons. In those areas, a significant change in astrocytes, microglia, and number of apoptotic cells were found. Bilateral occlusion produced severe damage to both retinas, while unilateral occlusion produced damage mainly in the occluded side. We found that mild carotid stenosis, even in a unilateral occlusion, creates behavioral abnormalities presented by brain and eye histopathology. The results support our hypothesis that gradual formation of mild carotid stenosis along the life course leads to progressive damage that may create different degenerative diseases at a later age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T12:05:03Z","timestamp":1577793903000},"page":"1672-1682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mild carotid stenosis creates gradual, progressive, lifelong brain, and eye damage: An experimental laboratory rat model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"528","author":[{"given":"Adi","family":"Tzameret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Piontkewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Straus Center for 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