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However, it remained unclear whether the PTh is a visual relay nucleus, because the optic tectum receives not only visual but also other sensory modalities. Furthermore, precise telencephalic regions receiving prethalamic input remained unknown in the goby. We therefore investigated the full set of afferent and efferent connections of the PTh by direct tracer injections into the nucleus. Injections into the PTh labeled cells in the optic tectum, ventromedial thalamic nucleus, central and medial parts of the dorsal telencephalon, and caudal lobe of the cerebellum. We found that the somata of most tecto\u2010prethalamic neurons are present in the stratum periventriculare. Their dendrites ascend to reach the major retinorecipient layers of the tectum. The PTh is composed of two subnuclei (medial and lateral) and topographic organization was appreciated only for tectal projections to the lateral subnucleus (PTh\u2010l), which also receives sparse retinal projections. In contrast, the medial subnucleus receives fibers only from the medial tectum. We found that the PTh projects to nine subregions in the dorsal telencephalon and four in the ventral telencephalon. Furthermore, cerebellar injections revealed that cerebello\u2010prethalamic fibers cross the midline twice to innervate the PTh\u2010l on both sides. The present study is the first detailed report on the full set of the connections of PTh, which suggests that the PTh relays visual information from the optic tectum to the telencephalon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T05:40:10Z","timestamp":1587966010000},"page":"87-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Afferent and efferent connections of the nucleus prethalamicus in the yellowfin goby <scp><i>Acanthogobius flavimanus<\/i><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"529","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2197-4595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanako","family":"Hagio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Fish Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Research Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahumi","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama  Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Fish Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8705-6936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Fish Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)91090-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901600306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00094.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-1946-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Fish neurobiology","author":"Braford M. 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