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The organization of both these systems follows that typically observed in mammals, but variations of interest were noted. Within the main olfactory bulb, the size of the glomeruli, at approximately 350\u2009\u03bcm in diameter, are on the larger end of the range observed across mammals. In addition, we estimate that approximately 3,500 glomeruli are present in each main olfactory bulb. This larger main olfactory bulb glomerular size and number of glomeruli indicates that enhanced peripheral processing of a broad range of odorants is occurring in the main olfactory bulb of the African wild dog. Within the accessory olfactory bulb, the glomeruli did not appear distinct, rather forming a homogenous syncytia\u2010like arrangement as seen in the domestic dog. In addition, the laminar organization of the deeper layers of the accessory olfactory bulb was indistinct, perhaps as a consequence of the altered architecture of the glomeruli. This arrangement of glomeruli indicates that rather than parcellating the processing of semiochemicals peripherally, these odorants may be processed in a more nuanced and combinatorial manner in the periphery, allowing for more rapid and precise behavioral responses as required in the highly social group structure observed in the African wild dog. While having a similar organization to that of other mammals, the olfactory system of the African wild dog has certain features that appear to correlate to their environmental niche.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]],"date-time":"2020-08-15T04:12:26Z","timestamp":1597464746000},"page":"3285-3304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The brain of the African wild dog.\n                    <scp>II<\/scp>\n                    . The olfactory system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"528","author":[{"given":"Samson","family":"Chengetanai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adhil","family":"Bhagwandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads F.","family":"Bertelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo  Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese","family":"H\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bor\u00e5s Zoo  Bor\u00e5s Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick R.","family":"Hof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"},{"name":"New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1174-7444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad A.","family":"Spocter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy Des Moines University  Des Moines Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1881-2854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul R.","family":"Manger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-012-0206-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2013.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-3368-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44772-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"A comparison of the olfactory and accessory olfactory bulb in certain representative vertebrates","volume":"24","author":"Crosby E. 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