{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:22:49Z","timestamp":1792790569717,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K16295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K16295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cerebellar functions are modulated by cholinergic inputs, the density of which varies among cerebellar regions. Although the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (PHN), a brainstem structure involved in controlling gaze holding, is known as one of the major sources of these cholinergic inputs, the proportions of cholinergic neurons in PHN projections to distinct cerebellar regions have not been quantitatively analyzed. In this study, we identified PHN neurons projecting to the cerebellum by applying retrograde labeling with dextran\u2010conjugated Alexa 488 in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)\u2010tdTomato transgenic rats and compared the proportion of cholinergic PHN neurons in the PHN projections to four different regions of the cerebellum, namely the flocculus (FL), the uvula and nodulus (UN), lobules III\u2010V in the vermis (VM), and the hemispheric paramedian lobule and crus 2 (PC). In the PHN, the percentage of cholinergic PHN neurons was lower in the projection to the FL than in the projection to the UN, VM or PC. Preposito\u2010cerebellar neurons, except for preposito\u2010FL neurons, included different proportions of cholinergic neurons at different rostrocaudal positions in the PHN. These results suggest that cholinergic PHN neurons project to not only the vestibulocerebellum but also the anterior vermis and posterior hemisphere and that the proportion of cholinergic neurons among projection neurons from the PHN differs depending on cerebellar target areas and the rostro\u2010caudal regions of the PHN. This study provides insights regarding the involvement of cerebellar cholinergic networks in gaze holding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T01:58:21Z","timestamp":1600480701000},"page":"1541-1552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Distinct proportions of cholinergic neurons in the rat prepositus hypoglossi nucleus according to their cerebellar projection targets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"529","author":[{"given":"Taketoshi","family":"Sugimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology Nara Medical University  Kashihara, Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology Nara Medical University  Kashihara, Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91210-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Neurochemistry of the vestibular system","author":"Barmack N. 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