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Within\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae multiply and transform into the cercariae form that can infect humans. Trematode development and proliferation is thought to be facilitated by modifications of host behavior and physiological processes, including a reduction of reproduction known as \u201cparasitic castration.\u201d As neuropeptides participate in the control of reproduction across phylogeny, a neural transcriptomics approach was undertaken to identify peptides that could regulate\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    reproductive physiology. The present study identified a transcript in\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria alexandrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    that encodes a peptide belonging to the gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) superfamily. The precursor and the predicted mature peptide, pQIHFTPDWGNN\u2010NH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (designated\n                    <jats:italic>Biom<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010GnRH), share features with peptides identified in other molluscan species, including panpulmonates, opisthobranchs, and cephalopods. An antibody generated against\n                    <jats:italic>Biom<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010GnRH labeled neurons in the cerebral, pedal, and visceral ganglia of\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    . GnRH\u2010like immunoreactive fiber systems projected to all central ganglia. In the periphery, immunoreactive material was detected in the ovotestis, oviduct, albumen gland, and nidamental gland. As these structures serve crucial roles in the production, transport, nourishment, and encapsulation of eggs, disruption of the GnRH system of\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    could contribute to reduced reproductive activity in infected snails.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T05:14:36Z","timestamp":1608873276000},"page":"2347-2361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identification and localization of a gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone\u2010related neuropeptide in\n                    <i>Biomphalaria<\/i>\n                    , an intermediate host for schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"529","author":[{"given":"Mariela","family":"Rosa\u2010Casillas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola M\u00e9ndez","family":"de Jes\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Vicente Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed R.","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Malacology Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9846-0923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger 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