{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:16:29Z","timestamp":1792264589058,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA013696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA013696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR051219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR051219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The oral somatosensory system relays essential information about mechanical stimuli to enable oral functions such as feeding and speech. The neurochemical and anatomical diversity of sensory neurons across oral cavity sites have not been systematically compared. To address this gap, we analyzed healthy human tongue and hard\u2010palate innervation. Biopsies were collected from 12 volunteers and underwent fluorescent immunohistochemistry (\u22652 specimens per marker\/structure). Afferents were analyzed for markers of neurons (\u03b2III tubulin), myelinated afferents (neurofilament heavy, NFH), and Merkel cells and taste cells (keratin 20, K20). Hard\u2010palate innervation included Meissner corpuscles, glomerular endings, Merkel cell\u2010neurite complexes, and free nerve endings. The organization of these somatosensory endings is reminiscent of fingertips, suggesting that the hard palate is equipped with a rich repertoire of sensory neurons for pressure sensing and spatial localization of mechanical inputs, which are essential for speech production and feeding. Likewise, the tongue is innervated by afferents that impart it with exquisite acuity and detection of moving stimuli that support flavor construction and speech. Filiform papillae contained end bulbs of Krause, as well as endings that have not been previously reported, including subepithelial neuronal densities, and NFH+ neurons innervating basal epithelia. Fungiform papillae had Meissner corpuscles and densities of NFH+ intraepithelial neurons surrounding taste buds. The differing compositions of sensory endings within filiform and fungiform papillae suggest that these structures have distinct roles in mechanosensation. Collectively, this study has identified previously undescribed neuronal endings in human oral tissues and provides an anatomical framework for understanding oral mechanosensory functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T04:29:37Z","timestamp":1617164977000},"page":"3046-3061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Somatosensory innervation of healthy human oral tissues"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"529","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0600-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yalda","family":"Moayedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Michlig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perception Physiology Nestl\u00e9 Research  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York Presbyterian Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York Presbyterian Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1166-3374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen A.","family":"Lumpkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13191-013-0262-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-5003-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(94)90361-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201110637"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07367228409144550"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091190405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc1950.35.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708838115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2003.08.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Sensory nerve endings in the human palate","volume":"123","author":"Gairns F. 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