{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:13:53Z","timestamp":1790381633689,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) is a hub for respiratory chemoregulation in the mammal brainstem that integrates chemosensory information from peripheral sites and central relays. Chemosensitive neurons of the RTN express specific genetic and molecular determinants, which have been used to identify RTN precise location within the brainstem of rodents and nonhuman primates. Based on a comparative approach, we hypothesized that among mammals, neurons exhibiting the same specific molecular and genetic signature would have the same function. The co\u2010expression of\n                    <jats:italic>preprogalanin<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>PPGAL<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>SLC17A6<\/jats:italic>\n                    (VGluT2) mRNAs with duplex in situ hybridization has been studied in formalin fixed paraffin\u2010embedded\n                    <jats:italic>postmortem<\/jats:italic>\n                    human brainstems. Two specimens were processed and analyzed in line with RTN descriptions in adult rats and macaques. Double\u2010labeled\n                    <jats:italic>PPGAL<\/jats:italic>\n                    +\/\n                    <jats:italic>SLC17A6<\/jats:italic>\n                    + neurons were only identified in the parafacial region of the brainstem. These neurons were found surrounding the nucleus of the facial nerve, located ventrally to the nucleus VII on caudal sections, and slightly more dorsally on rostral sections. The expression of\n                    <jats:italic>neuromedin B<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>NMB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) mRNA as a single marker of chemosensitive RTN neurons has not been confirmed in humans. The location of the RTN in human adults is provided. This should help to develop investigation tools combining anatomic high\u2010resolution imaging and respiratory functional investigations to explore the pathogenic role of the RTN in congenital or acquired neurodegenerative diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T06:16:41Z","timestamp":1621405001000},"page":"3313-3320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Parafacial neurons in the human brainstem express specific markers for neurons of the retrotrapezoid nucleus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"529","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1388-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Levy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1179 (Inserm\u2010UVSQ) Neuromuscular Handicap \u2013 UFR des sciences de la Sant\u00e9 Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 de Versailles St. Quentin  Montigny\u2010le\u2010Bretonneux Paris Saclay campus France"},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et de R\u00e9adaptation \u2013 APHP, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9  Garches France"},{"name":"Fondation Garches \u2013 H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9  Garches France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Droz\u2010Bartholet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Anatomie \u2013 Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Besan\u00e7on Universit\u00e9 de Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9  Besan\u00e7on France"},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et de R\u00e9adaptation \u2013 CHRU Jean Minjoz  Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melyna","family":"Achour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1179 (Inserm\u2010UVSQ) Neuromuscular Handicap \u2013 UFR des sciences de la Sant\u00e9 Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 de Versailles St. Quentin  Montigny\u2010le\u2010Bretonneux Paris Saclay campus France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Facchinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1179 (Inserm\u2010UVSQ) Neuromuscular Handicap \u2013 UFR des sciences de la Sant\u00e9 Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 de Versailles St. Quentin  Montigny\u2010le\u2010Bretonneux Paris Saclay campus France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Parratte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Anatomie \u2013 Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Besan\u00e7on Universit\u00e9 de Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9  Besan\u00e7on France"},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et de R\u00e9adaptation \u2013 CHRU Jean Minjoz  Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1179 (Inserm\u2010UVSQ) Neuromuscular Handicap \u2013 UFR des sciences de la Sant\u00e9 Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 de Versailles St. Quentin  Montigny\u2010le\u2010Bretonneux Paris Saclay campus France"},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et de R\u00e9adaptation \u2013 APHP, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9  Garches France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"L33","article-title":"Respiratory activity in retrotrapezoid nucleus in cat","volume":"258","author":"Connelly C. 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