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Staining for neuronal nuclear marker (NeuN) revealed WMICs throughout the infracortical white matter, these cells being most dense close to inner cortical border, decreasing in density with depth in the white matter. Stereological analysis of NeuN\u2010immunopositive cells revealed estimates of approximately 1.1, 10.8, and 37.7 million WMICs within the infracortical white matter of the galago, squirrel monkey, and crested macaque, respectively. The total numbers of WMICs form a distinct negative allometric relationship with brain mass and white matter volume when examined in a larger sample of primates where similar measures have been obtained. In all three primates studied, the highest densities of WMICs were in the white matter of the frontal lobe, with the occipital lobe having the lowest. Immunostaining revealed significant subpopulations of WMICs containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and calretinin, with very few WMICs containing parvalbumin, and none containing calbindin. The nNOS and calretinin immunopositive WMICs represent approximately 21% of the total WMIC population; however, variances in the proportions of these neurochemical phenotypes were noted. Our results indicate that both the squirrel monkey and crested macaque might be informative animal models for the study of WMICs in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders in humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T06:09:04Z","timestamp":1626242944000},"page":"3676-3708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The distribution, number, and certain neurochemical identities of infracortical white matter neurons in the brains of a southern lesser galago, a black\u2010capped squirrel monkey, and a crested macaque"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"529","author":[{"given":"Jordan","family":"Swiegers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adhil","family":"Bhagwandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Busisiwe C.","family":"Maseko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chet C.","family":"Sherwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology The George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Therese","family":"H\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bor\u00e5s Zoo  Bor\u00e5s Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mads F.","family":"Bertelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health Copenhagen Zoo  Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1174-7444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad A.","family":"Spocter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy Des Moines University  Des Moines Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6852-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Moln\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1881-2854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul R.","family":"Manger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820150007001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820150016002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.17.030194.001153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(96)88521-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00034-n"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026048320785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.2.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"134","volume-title":"Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Current Therapy","author":"Bertelsen M. 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