{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:33:42Z","timestamp":1785803622673,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Knowledge on cortical development is based mainly on rodents besides primates and carnivores, all being altricial. Here, we analyzed a precocial animal, the pig, looking at dorsoparietal cortex from E45 to P90. At E45, most ionized calcium\u2010binding adapter molecule 1\u2010positive (Iba1+) cells had a macrophage\u2010like morphology and resided in meninges and choroid plexus. Only a few cells were scattered in the ventricular and subventricular zone (VZ and SVZ). At E60\/E70, all laminar compartments displayed microglia cells at a low\u2010to\u2010moderate density, being highest in VZ and SVZ followed by intermediate zone\/white matter (IZ\/WM). The cortical plate and marginal zone displayed only a few Iba1+ cells. Cells were intensely labeled, but still had poorly arborized somata and many resembled ameboid, macrophage\u2010like microglia. Concurrent with a massive increase in cortical volume, microglia cell density increased until E85, and further until E100\/E110 (birth at E114) to densities that resemble those seen postnatally. A fraction of microglia colabeled with Ki67 suggesting proliferation in all laminar compartments. Cell\u2010to\u2010cell distance decreased substantially during this time, and the fraction of microglia to all nuclei and to neurons increases in the laminar compartments. Eventually, of all cortical DAPI+ nuclei 7\u201312% were Iba1+ microglia. From E70 onwards, more and more cells with ramified processes were present in MZ down to IZ\/WM, showing, for instance, a close association with NeuN+, NPY+, and GAD65\/67+ somata and axon initial segments. These results suggested that the development of microglia cell density and morphology proceeds rapidly from mid\u2010gestation onwards reaching near\u2010adult status already before birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T04:03:12Z","timestamp":1637812992000},"page":"1341-1362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Development of microglia in fetal and postnatal neocortex of the pig, the European wild boar (\n                    <i>Sus scrofa<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"530","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5075-3738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Sobierajski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neurobiology Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"German","family":"Lauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neurobiology Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6382-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meriyem","family":"Aktas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Biology Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3185-7491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christa","family":"Beemelmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regionalverband Ruhr Gr\u00fcn Forsthof \u00dcfter Mark  Schermbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3547-8966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Beemelmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regionalverband Ruhr Gr\u00fcn Forsthof \u00dcfter Mark  Schermbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-828X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gundela","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine University of La Laguna  Tenerife Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8710-0375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Wahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neurobiology Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.6A7156.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(99)00113-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000456542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817014116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22533"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6611"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3751-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2777-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"B\u00f6ndel J. C.(2017). Vergleichende morphometrische Untersuchungen am Gehirn von Sus scrofa und Sus scrofa f. domestica. Tier\u00e4rztliche Fakult\u00e4t Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3710"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/60.2.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax6752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3441-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2339-19.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-018-1725-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90281-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020537"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2014.00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15409-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3799577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1167-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(83)90200-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlx056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702449104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00756-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-2520-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/nen.0b013e3180517b46"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00214798"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","unstructured":"Neef J.(2009). Untersuchungen zur Reproduktionsdynamik beim mitteleurop\u00e4ischen Wildschwein. Giessen: VVB Laufersweiler p. 107."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.4.612"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.030783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990615)45:6<359::AID-JEMT4>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-020-00635-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1619-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.07.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Differentiation of neural cells in the fetal cerebral cortex of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)","volume":"62","author":"Toyoshima Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comparative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2010.01245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902610202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00618-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06789-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.22072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.006"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.25280","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cne.25280","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.25280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T06:23:52Z","timestamp":1692944632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.25280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.25280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.25280","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/CNE.25280\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/CNE.25280\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/CNE.25280\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/CNE.25280\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/CNE.25280\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/CNE.25280\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/CNE.25280\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}