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Anti\u2010LINGO\u20101 antibody treatment can effectively antagonize the negative regulatory effect of LINGO\u20101. In this study, we aim to assess the effect of anti\u2010LINGO\u20101 antibody treatment on cognition and hippocampal oligodendrocytes in an AD transgenic animal model. First, 10\u2010month\u2010old male amyloid\u2010\u03b2 (A\u03b2) protein precursor (APP)\/presenilin 1 (PS1) mice were administered anti\u2010LINGO\u20101 antibody for 8\u00a0weeks. Then, learning and memory abilities were assessed with the Morris water maze (MWM) and Y\u2010maze tests, and A\u03b2 deposition and hippocampal oligodendrocytes were investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and stereology. We found that anti\u2010LINGO\u20101 antibody alleviated the deficits in spatial learning and memory abilities and working and reference memory abilities, decreased the density of LINGO\u20101 positive cells, decreased A\u03b2 deposition, significantly increased the number of mature oligodendrocytes and the density of myelin, reversed the abnormal increases in the number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and the densities of oligodendrocytes precursor cells in APP\/PS1 mice. Our results provide evidence that LINGO\u20101 might be involved in the process of oligodendrocyte dysmaturity in the hippocampus of AD mice, and that antagonizing LINGO\u20101 can alleviate cognitive deficits in APP\/PS1 mice and decrease A\u03b2 deposition and promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation in the hippocampus of these mice. Our findings suggest that changes in LINGO\u20101 and oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus play important roles in the pathogenesis of AD and that antagonizing LINGO\u20101 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T06:18:37Z","timestamp":1641881917000},"page":"1606-1621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anti\u2010LINGO\u20101 antibody treatment alleviates cognitive deficits and promotes maturation of oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus of APP\/PS1 mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"530","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology College of Basic Medicine Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing P. R. 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