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This system includes the neuropeptides neuropeptide y (NPY), agouti\u2010related peptide (AGRP), cocaine\u2010 and amphetamine\u2010regulated transcript (CART), and pro\u2010opiomelanocortin (POMC). An important center for appetite control in mammals is the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, with neurons that coexpress either the orexigenic NPY\/AGRP or the anorexigenic CART\/POMC neuropeptides. In ray\u2010finned fishes, such a center is less characterized. The Atlantic salmon (<jats:italic>Salmo salar<\/jats:italic>) has multiple genes of these neuropeptides due to whole\u2010genome duplication events. To better understand the potential involvement of the melanocortin system in appetite and food intake control, we have mapped the mRNA expression of <jats:italic>npy<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>agrp<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>cart<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>pomc<\/jats:italic> in the brain of Atlantic salmon parr using in situ hybridization. After identifying hypothalamic mRNA expression, we investigated the possible intracellular coexpression of <jats:italic>npy\/agrp<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>cart\/pomc<\/jats:italic> in the tuberal hypothalamus by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The results showed that the neuropeptides were widely distributed, especially in sensory and neuroendocrine brain regions. In the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus, the putative homolog to the mammalian arcuate nucleus, <jats:italic>npya<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>agrp1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>cart2b<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>pomca<\/jats:italic> were predominantly localized in distinct neurons; however, some neurons coexpressed <jats:italic>cart2b\/pomca<\/jats:italic>. This is the first demonstration of coexpression of <jats:italic>cart2b\/pomca<\/jats:italic> in the tuberal hypothalamus of a teleost. Collectively, our data suggest that the lateral tuberal nucleus is the center for appetite control in salmon, similar to that of mammals. Extrahypothalamic brain regions might also be involved in regulating food intake, including the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, midbrain, and hindbrain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T05:58:16Z","timestamp":1665467896000},"page":"89-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Mapping key neuropeptides involved in the melanocortin system in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar<\/i>) brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"531","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2043-8785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sissel","family":"Norland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen  Bergen 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