{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:04:53Z","timestamp":1772118293353,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Birds have a well\u2010developed retinopetal system projecting from the midbrain to the contralateral retina. The signal sent to the retina through the retinopetal system facilitates visual responses of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and the retinopetal signals function as attentional signals during visual search. Thus, the retinopetal signal somehow reaches and facilitates visual responses of the RGCs. However, the tertiary neuron of the retinopetal system, the isthmo\u2010optic target cell (IOTC), is unlikely to contact most RGCs directly, because the IOTCs form axon terminals localized in the outermost sublayer (lamina 1) of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) where few RGC dendrites terminate. Therefore, some other intrinsic retinal neurons must be involved in the centrifugal attentional enhancement of visual responses of the RGCs. We investigated connections of the target cells of the IOTCs in chicken and quail, using light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. We show that axon terminals of the IOTC make synaptic contacts with protein kinase C\u03b1 (PKC\u03b1)\u2010immunoreactive (ir) bipolar cells (PKC\u03b1\u2010BCs) in lamina 1 of the IPL. Furthermore, with prolonged electrical stimulation of the isthmo\u2010optic nucleus (ION) on one side, whose neurons send their axons to the contralateral retina and make synaptic contacts there with IOTCs, phosphorylation of cAMP response element\u2010binding protein was observed in the PKC\u03b1\u2010BCs in the contralateral retina, but not in the ipsilateral retina. This suggests that electrical stimulation of ION activated PKC\u03b1\u2010BCs through synapses from IOTCs to PKC\u03b1\u2010BCs, thus stimulating transcription in PKC\u03b1\u2010BCs. Thus, centrifugal attentional signals may facilitate visual responses of RGCs via the PKC\u03b1\u2010BCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T22:45:22Z","timestamp":1683067522000},"page":"1218-1228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bipolar cells containing protein kinase C\u03b1 mediate attentional facilitation of the avian retinal ganglion cells by the retinopetal signal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"531","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9480-5173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Matsutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Morphology, School of Nursing Kitasato University  Sagamihara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiya","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Mizokami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiho","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Hirashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-02-00425.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523811000368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/11167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980330)393:1<1::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2495-20.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800011111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20000814)424:1<1::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008554"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-4327(82)90008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90195-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970421)380:4<520::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00253-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"1455","article-title":"Immunohistochemical characterization of the chick marginal retina","volume":"40","author":"Lima I. 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