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Far less is known about comparative regional and species\u2010specific features of neurochemically distinct cortical inhibitory interneurons. Here, we quantified the density, laminar distribution, and somatodendritic morphology of inhibitory interneurons expressing one or more of the calcium\u2010binding proteins (CaBPs) (calretinin [CR], calbindin [CB], and\/or parvalbumin [PV]) in mouse (\n                    <jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) versus rhesus monkey (\n                    <jats:italic>Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in two functionally and cytoarchitectonically distinct regions\u2014the primary visual and frontal cortical areas\u2014using immunofluorescent multilabeling, stereological counting, and 3D reconstructions. There were significantly higher densities of CB+ and PV+ neurons in visual compared to frontal areas in both species. The main species difference was the significantly greater density and proportion of CR+ interneurons and lower extent of CaBP coexpression in monkey compared to mouse cortices. Cluster analyses revealed that the somatodendritic morphology of layer 2\u20133 inhibitory interneurons is more dependent on CaBP expression than on species and area. Only modest effects of species were observed for CB+ and PV+ interneuron morphologies, while CR+ neurons showed no difference. By contrast to pyramidal cells that show highly distinctive area\u2010 and species\u2010specific features, here we found more subtle differences in the distribution and features of interneurons across areas and species. These data yield insight into how nuanced differences in the population organization and properties of neurons may underlie specializations in cortical regions to confer species\u2010 and area\u2010specific functional capacities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T03:06:04Z","timestamp":1687748764000},"page":"1934-1962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Comparative features of calretinin, calbindin, and parvalbumin expressing interneurons in mouse and monkey primary visual and frontal cortices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"531","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4890-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Medalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Systems Neuroscience Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingxin","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakin","family":"Nasar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts 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