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There is a close interaction between ganglion cells via satellite cells, but the function is not fully understood. In the present study, we clarified the ganglion cells\u2019 three\u2010dimensional (3D) localization, which is essential to understand the functions of cell\u2013cell interactions in the trigeminal ganglion. Fast blue was injected into 12 sites of the rat orofacial regions, and ganglion cells were retrogradely labeled. The labeled trigeminal ganglia were cleared by modified 3DISCO, imaged with confocal laser\u2010scanning microscopy, and reconstructed in 3D. Histograms of the major axes of the fast blue\u2010positive somata revealed that the peak major axes of the cells innervating the skin\/mucosa were smaller than those of cells innervating the deep structures. Ganglion cells innervating the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions were distributed in the anterodorsal, central, and posterolateral portions of the trigeminal ganglion, respectively, with considerable overlap in the border region. The intermingling in the distribution of ganglion cells within each division was also high, in particular, within the mandibular division. Specifically, intermingling was observed in combinations of tongue and masseter\/temporal muscles, maxillary\/mandibular molars and masseter\/temporal muscles, and tongue and mandibular molars. Double retrograde labeling confirmed that some ganglion cells innervating these combinations were closely apposed. Our data provide essential information for understanding the function of ganglion cell\u2013cell interactions via satellite cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,11]],"date-time":"2024-02-11T05:15:51Z","timestamp":1707628551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional topography of rat trigeminal ganglion neurons using a combination of retrograde labeling and tissue\u2010clearing techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"532","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0636-541X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eriko","family":"Kuramoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University  Kagoshima 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