{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:34:15Z","timestamp":1791232455451,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Retinoic acid\u2010induced 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>RAI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) encodes a transcriptional regulator critical for brain development and function.\n                    <jats:italic>RAI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    haploinsufficiency in humans causes a syndromic autism spectrum disorder known as Smith\u2212Magenis syndrome (SMS). The neuroanatomical distribution of RAI1 has not been quantitatively analyzed during the development of the prefrontal cortex, a brain region critical for cognitive function and social behaviors and commonly implicated in autism spectrum disorders, including SMS. Here, we performed comparative analyses to uncover the evolutionarily convergent and divergent expression profiles of RAI1 in major cell types during prefrontal cortex maturation in common marmoset monkeys (\n                    <jats:italic>Callithrix jacchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and mice (\n                    <jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). We found that while RAI1 in both species is enriched in neurons, the percentage of excitatory neurons that express RAI1 is higher in newborn mice than in newborn marmosets. By contrast, RAI1 shows similar neural distribution in adult marmosets and adult mice. In marmosets, RAI1 is expressed in several primate\u2010specific cell types, including intralaminar astrocytes and MEIS2\u2010expressing prefrontal GABAergic neurons. At the molecular level, we discovered that RAI1 forms a protein complex with transcription factor 20 (TCF20), PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14), and high mobility group 20A (HMG20A) in the marmoset brain\n                    <jats:italic>. In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    assays in human cells revealed that TCF20 regulates RAI1 protein abundance. This work demonstrates that RAI1 expression and protein interactions are largely conserved but with some unique expression in primate\u2010specific cells. The results also suggest that altered RAI1 abundance could contribute to disease features in disorders caused by\n                    <jats:italic>TCF20<\/jats:italic>\n                    dosage imbalance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T04:16:46Z","timestamp":1706329006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparative analyses of the Smith\u2212Magenis syndrome protein RAI1 in mice and common marmoset monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"532","author":[{"given":"Ya\u2010Ting","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  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Cheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoobin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Abramovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Khamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program The Research Institute of the McGill 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