{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:58:43Z","timestamp":1781931523821,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01 DK129194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01 DK129194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts coordination between the bladder and the external urinary sphincter (EUS), leading to transient or permanent voiding impairment, which is more severe in males. Male versus female differences in spinal circuits related to the EUS as well as post\u2010SCI rewiring are essential for understanding of sex\u2010\/gender\u2010specific impairments and possible recovery mechanisms. To quantitatively assess differences between EUS circuits in males versus females and in spinal intact (SI) versus SCI animals, we retrogradely traced and counted EUS\u2010related neurons. In transgenic ChAT\u2010GFP mice, motoneurons (MNs), interneurons (INs), and propriospinal neurons (PPNs) were retrogradely trans\u2010synaptically traced with PRV614\u2010red fluorescent protein (RFP) injected into EUS. EUS\u2010MNs in dorsolateral nucleus (DLN) were separated from other GFP\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    MNs by tracing them with FluoroGold (FG). We found two morphologically distinct cell types in DLN: FG\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    spindle\u2010shaped bipolar (SB\u2010MNs) and FG\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    rounded multipolar (RM\u2010MNs) cholinergic cells. Number of MNs of both types in males was twice as large as in females. SCI caused a partial loss of MNs in all spinal nuclei. After SCI, males showed a fourfold rise in the number of RFP\u2010labeled cells in retro\u2010DLN (RDLN) innervating hind limbs. This suggests (a) an existence of direct synaptic interactions between spinal nuclei and (b) a post\u2010SCI increase of non\u2010specific inputs to EUS\u2010MNs from other motor nuclei. Number of INs and PPNs deferred between males and females: In SI males, the numbers of INs and PPNs were \u223c10 times larger than in SI females. SCI caused a twofold decrease of INs and PPNs in males but not in females.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:15:24Z","timestamp":1720656924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sexual Dimorphism of Spinal Neural Circuits Controlling the Mouse External Urethral Sphincter With and Without Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"532","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7757-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei","family":"Karnup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang Jun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1390-2292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Beckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"de Groat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4185-323X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102982.2011.01856.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00175.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3046\u201016.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.08.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096\u20109861(19960101)364:1<6::AID\u2010CNE2>3.0.CO;2\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903080104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858408331372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978\u20100\u201012\u2010407178\u20100.00006\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","author":"Groat W. 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